Comparison of biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate and bronchoalveolar lavage
Comparison of biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate and bronchoalveolar lavage
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DOI：
10.1164/rccm.200601-107oc
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发表时间：
2007-02-01
影响因子：
24.7
通讯作者：
Yates, Deborah H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jackson, Abigail S.;Sandrini, Alessandra;Yates, Deborah H.
原理：呼气冷凝物（EBC）作为一种非侵入性的肺部采样研究方法，越来越多地研究，测量几种生物标志物。在EBC中测量的物质的确切来源是未知的，因为是该技术的临床适用性。可能需要特殊的技术来测量EBC生物标志物。目的：为了评估临床疾病的生物标志物浓度并研究EBC的起源部位，我们比较了49例接受支气管镜检查的临床适应症患者的EBC和支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）生物标志物。测量：我们分别测量呼出的一氧化氮、8-异前列腺素、过氧化氢、总氮氧化物、pH值、总蛋白、磷脂（n = 33）和角蛋白（n = 15）来评估肺泡和粘液室。根据欧洲呼吸学会/美国胸科学会的建议，在10分钟内使用冷冻冷凝器收集EBC，随后立即进行BAL。结果：8-异前列腺素、氮氧化物和PH值在EBC中显著高于BAL（分别为3.845比0.027 ng/ml、28.4比3.8 μ M、7.35比6.4,p < 0.001）。过氧化氢在EBC和BAL之间没有差异（117.5 vs. 20.6 μ g/ml, p =无统计学意义），而在BAL中蛋白质含量显著高于EBC （33.8 vs. 183.2 μ g/ml, p < 0.001）。总磷脂在EBC中也较高，但角蛋白无差异。在稀释校正之前或之后评估的任何生物标志物的EBC和BAL之间均未发现显著相关性。结论：在临床疾病中，使用标准的实验室技术很容易测量EBC中的炎症和氧化应激标志物，并且很容易获得EBC。然而，EBC和BAL标记并不相关。
Rationale: Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is increasingly studied as a noninvasive research method of sampling the lungs, measuring several biomarkers. The exact site of origin of substances measured in EBC is unknown, as is the clinical applicability of the technique. Special techniques might be needed to measure EBC biomarkers.Objectives: To assess biomarker concentrations in clinical disease and investigate the site of origin of EBC, we compared EBC and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) biomarkers in 49 patients undergoing bronchoscopy for clinical indications.Measurements: We measured exhaled nitric oxide, 8-isoprostane, hydrogen peroxide, total nitrogen oxides, pH, total protein, and phospholipid (n = 33) and keratin (n = 15) to assess alveolar and mucinous compartments, respectively. EBC was collected over 10 min using a refrigerated condenser according to European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society recommendations, and BAL performed immediately thereafter.Results: 8-Isoprostane, nitrogen oxides, and PH were significantly higher in EBC than in BAL (3.845 vs. 0.027 ng/ml, 28.4 vs. 3.8 mu M, and 7.35 vs. 6.4, respectively; p < 0.001). Hydrogen peroxide showed no difference between EBC and BAL (117.5 vs. 20.6 mu M, p = not significant), whereas protein was significantly higher in BAL (33.8 vs. 183.2 mu g/ml, p < 0.001). Total phospholipid was also higher in EBC, but keratin showed no difference. No significant correlation was found between EBC and BAL for any of the biomarkers evaluated either before or after correction for dilution.Conclusions: In clinical disease, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are easily measurable in EBC using standard laboratory techniques and EBC is readily obtained. However, EBC and BAL markers do not correlate.