The role of the cerebral ganglia in the venom-induced behavioral manipulation of cockroaches stung by the parasitoid jewel wasp
The role of the cerebral ganglia in the venom-induced behavioral manipulation of cockroaches stung by the parasitoid jewel wasp
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.116491
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Libersat, Frederic
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaiser, Maayan;Libersat, Frederic
宝石黄蜂叮咬蟑螂，并将毒液注入蟑螂的脑神经节，即食道下神经节(SOG)和食道上神经节(SupOG)。这种毒液会导致长期的运动不足状态，在此期间，被叮咬的蟑螂很少或根本不会自发行走。结果表明，向SOG注射蛇毒降低了神经元的活动，从而表明在SupOG中注射蛇毒具有类似的作用。矛盾的是，与对照组相比，消融了SupOG的蟑螂显示出更多的自发行走。然而，蟑螂SupOG中的大多数毒液主要集中在中央复合体(Cx)内和周围。因此，毒液可能主要是降低Cx的活性，从而导致运动不足。我们的第一个目标是通过结合使用行为和神经药理学工具来解决这一差异。我们的结果表明，Cx是启动自发行走所必需的，向Cx局部注射普鲁卡因足以引起自发行走的减少。此外，研究还表明，向SOG注射人工蛇毒可减少步行。因此，我们的第二个目标是测试在毒液诱导的行为操纵中SupOG和SOG之间的相互作用。我们证明，在没有SupOG对行走启动的抑制控制的情况下，仅由黄蜂在SOG内注射毒液就足以诱导运动减退状态。综上所述，我们证明，无论是向SOG还是向SupOG的CX注射蛇毒本身，都足以减少行走。
The jewel wasp stings cockroaches and injects venom into their cerebral ganglia, namely the subesophageal ganglion (SOG) and supraesophageal ganglion (SupOG). The venom induces a long-term hypokinetic state, during which the stung cockroach shows little or no spontaneous walking. It was shown that venom injection to the SOG reduces neuronal activity, thereby suggesting a similar effect of venom injection in the SupOG. Paradoxically, SupOG-ablated cockroaches show increased spontaneous walking in comparison with control. Yet most of the venom in the SupOG of cockroaches is primarily concentrated in and around the central complex (CX). Thus the venom could chiefly decrease activity in the CX to contribute to the hypokinetic state. Our first aim was to resolve this discrepancy by using a combination of behavioral and neuropharmacological tools. Our results show that the CX is necessary for the initiation of spontaneous walking, and that focal injection of procaine to the CX is sufficient to induce the decrease in spontaneous walking. Furthermore, it was shown that artificial venom injection to the SOG decreases walking. Hence our second aim was to test the interactions between the SupOG and SOG in the venom-induced behavioral manipulation. We show that, in the absence of the inhibitory control of the SupOG on walking initiation, injection of venom in the SOG alone by the wasp is sufficient to induce the hypokinetic state. To summarize, we show that venom injection to either the SOG or the CX of the SupOG is, by itself, sufficient to decrease walking.