Use of wild Arachis species/introgression of genes into A. hypogaea L
Use of wild Arachis species/introgression of genes into A. hypogaea L
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DOI：
10.3146/i0095-3679-28-2-12
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Simpson, C. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Simpson, C. E.
利用野生花生。栽培品种改良计划被认为是一种选择超过50年。A. Krapovickas和W.C.格雷戈里在20世纪40年代独立地进行了种间杂交。然而，只有三个品种已被释放作为种间杂交的结果，其中只有一个具有明显可识别的遗传成分，从野生物种。已经报道了几个育种系，并记录了来自德克萨斯州、北卡罗来纳州和ICRISAT的几个种质释放。从野生花生到栽培种的基因转移至少有四种可能的选择：a）六倍体途径包括将二倍体野生种直接与A。将四倍体的染色体数目加倍到六倍体水平，然后回交几代以恢复四倍体条件。在这一途径中有几种选择是可能的，包括在将二倍体杂种与A. hypogaea。北卡罗来纳州和ICRISAT在这方面取得了成功。B）二倍体/四倍体途径迄今为止在德克萨斯州最为成功。这一途径涉及到二倍体物种（两个到几个）的杂交，使杂种的染色体数目加倍，然后与A。通过选择所需性状进行回交。当涉及A-和B-基因组物种时，该途径最成功。种质系和栽培品种已被释放在得克萨斯州使用这一途径。c）另一种二倍体/四倍体途径可能是使二倍体物种的染色体数目加倍，并将二倍体直接与A. hypogaea。已经用这种技术进行了几次尝试，但是没有种质释放的报道，很大程度上是因为当A和B基因组都不包括在杂交体中时，不育性太大。野生花生属的许多组/种与A.植物转化将是将基因导入植物可能方法。d）将基因“插入”到花生中的分子方法已经取得了一定的成功，包括使用农杆菌属，电穿孔和直接DNA递送技术，如基因枪、晶须和超声处理。没有释放任何人。
The use of wild Arachis L. in cultivar improvement programs has been considered an option for more than 50 yr. Both A. Krapovickas and W.C. Gregory, independently, made interspecific hybridizations in the 1940s. However, only three cultivars have been released as a result of interspecific hybridizations, and only one of those has a clearly identifiable genetic component from the wild species. Several breeding lines have been reported and several germplasm releases are documented from Texas, North Carolina, and ICRISAT. At least four potential options exist for transferring genes from wild Arachis to the cultigen: a) The hexaploid pathway consists of crossing a diploid wild species directly with A. hypogaea, doubling the chromosome number to the hexaploid level, then backcrossing for several generations to restore the tetraploid condition. Several options are possible in this pathway involving various crossing schemes prior to crossing a diploid hybrid with A. hypogaea. North Carolina and ICRISAT have had success with this pathway. b) The diploid/tetraploid pathway has been the most successful in Texas to date. This pathway involves crossing diploid species (two to several), doubling the chromosome number of the hybrid, then crossing to A. hypogaea and backcrossing with selection for the desired character. This pathway is most successful when both A-and B-genome species are involved. Germplasm lines and a cultivar have been released in Texas using this pathway. c) Another diploid/tetraploid pathway could be to double chromosome numbers of diploid species and cross the amphiploids directly with A. hypogaea. Several attempts have been made with this technique, but no germplasm releases have been reported, in large part because sterility is too great when both A and B genomes are not included in the hybrid. Many of the sections/species of wild Arachis are so greatly isolated from A. hypogaea that plant transformation will be the likely method to introduce genes into the cultigen. d) Molecular methods of "inserting" genes into peanut that have been modestly successful and include use of Agrobacterium spp., electroporation, and direct DNA delivery techniques such as the gene gun, whiskers, and sonication. No releases have resulted.