Climate and infectious disease:: Use of remote sensing for detection of Vibrio cholerae by indirect measurement
Climate and infectious disease:: Use of remote sensing for detection of Vibrio cholerae by indirect measurement
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.97.4.1438
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发表时间：
2000-02-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Colwell, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lobitz, B;Beck, L;Colwell, R
人们早就知道，当引起霍乱的霍乱弧菌在饮用水中存在的数量足以构成感染剂量时，如果被人类摄入，霍乱就会爆发。与饮用或在未净化的河水或微咸水中洗澡有关的爆发可能直接或间接取决于水温、营养物浓度和浮游生物产量等条件，这些条件可能有利于细菌的生长和繁殖。虽然这些环境参数是通过使用在研究船上收集的水样进行常规测量的，但现有的数据集很少。此外，船上数据采集既昂贵又耗时。在区域范围内进行插值也可能有问题。虽然霍乱弧菌无法直接感知，但遥感数据可用于推断其存在。在这里报告的研究中，卫星数据被用来监测霍乱的时间和传播。将孟加拉湾的公共域遥感数据与1992-1995年在孟加拉国收集的霍乱病例数据进行直接比较，遥感数据包括海表温度和海表高度。结果发现，海洋表面温度显示出类似于霍乱病例数据的年周期。海平面高度可以是载有南极洲的水侵入内陆的指标，例如，潮汐河流，因为它也被发现与霍乱爆发有关。在过去25年中完成的广泛研究证实了霍乱弧菌是水生环境土生土长的假设，是浮游动物，即桡足类的一种寄生虫，当与卫星数据分析的结果相结合时，提供了霍乱流行与气候有关的有力证据。
It has long been known that cholera outbreaks can be initiated when Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, is present in drinking water in sufficient numbers to constitute an infective dose, if ingested by humans. Outbreaks associated with drinking or bathing in unpurified river or brackish water may directly or indirectly depend on such conditions as water temperature, nutrient concentration, and plankton production that may be favorable for growth and reproduction of the bacterium. Although these environmental parameters have routinely been measured by using water samples collected aboard research ships, the available data sets are sparse and infrequent. Furthermore, shipboard data acquisition is both expensive and time-consuming. Interpolation to regional scales can also be problematic. Although the bacterium, V. cholerae, cannot be sensed directly, remotely sensed data can be used to infer its presence. In the study reported here, satellite data were used to monitor the timing and spread of cholera. Public domain remote sensing data for the Bay of Bengal were compared directly with cholera case data collected in Bangladesh from 1992-1995, The remote sensing data included sea surface temperature and sea surface height. It was discovered that sea surface temperature shows an annual cycle similar to the cholera case data. Sea surface height may be an indicator of incursion of plankton-laden water inland, e.g., tidal rivers, because it was also found to be correlated with cholera outbreaks. The extensive studies accomplished during the past 25 years, confirming the hypothesis that V, cholerae is autochthonous to the aquatic environment and is a commensal of zooplankton, i.e,, copepods, when combined with the findings of the satellite data analyses, provide strong evidence that cholera epidemics are climate-linked.