Age differences in implicit learning of higher order dependencies in serial patterns
Age differences in implicit learning of higher order dependencies in serial patterns
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DOI：
10.1037/0882-7974.12.4.634
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发表时间：
1997-12-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Howard, DV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howard, JH;Howard, DV
3项实验对年轻人和老年人的序列模式学习进行了研究。与通常的重复模式不同，这些序列在重复模式的事件和随机确定的事件之间交替。结果表明，没有人能够描述其规律，但经过练习，所有3个年龄组（包括高龄老人组）的每个人在模式试验中的速度都比在随机试验中更快，或者更准确，或者两者兼具。尽管这表明所有年龄段的成年人都能够学习序列中的二阶统计相关性，但在模式学习的程度上存在与年龄相关的缺陷。在所学内容方面也存在年龄差异，只有年轻人对序列中的高阶统计相关性表现出敏感性。此外，年轻人在随后的概念驱动的生成测试中显示出他们模式学习的证据，而低龄老人和高龄老人则没有。
3 experiments examined serial pattern learning in younger and older adults. Unlike the usual repeating pattern, the sequences alternated between events from a repeating pattern and those determined randomly. The results indicated that no one was able to describe the regularity, but with practice every individual in all 3 age groups (including old old) became faster, more accurate, or both, on pattern trials than on random trials. Although this indicates that adults of all ages are able to learn second-order statistical dependencies in a sequence, age-related deficits were obtained in the magnitude of pattern learning. There were also age differences in what was learned, with only younger people revealing sensitivity to higher order statistical dependencies in the sequence. In addition, whereas younger people revealed evidence of their pattern learning in a subsequent conceptually driven production test, young-old and old-old people did not.