Stability and Fitness of Pyraclostrobin- and Boscalid-Resistant Phenotypes in Field Isolates of Botrytis cinerea from Apple
Stability and Fitness of Pyraclostrobin- and Boscalid-Resistant Phenotypes in Field Isolates of Botrytis cinerea from Apple
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DOI：
10.1094/phyto-04-11-0123
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Xiao, C. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim, Y. K.;Xiao, C. L.
对苹果灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）吡唑醚菌酯（Pyraclostrobin）和啶酰菌胺（boscalid）抗性菌株的表型稳定性、适合度和竞争力进行了研究。在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）上连续转移或在苹果果实上循环后，测定抗性的稳定性。在体外健身组件菌丝生长，渗透敏感性，分生孢子萌发，和产孢进行了评估。在20 ℃和0 ℃下对苹果果实的致病性、毒力和产孢进行了评价。同时，还研究了抗、感菌株在苹果果实上的竞争。对这两种杀菌剂的抗性保留在类似的水平，在PDA上的20和10个转移后，在20和0 ℃的苹果果实上，分别为5和3个疾病周期的初始代。在同一表型组内的敏感或耐杀真菌剂的菌株之间的个体健身组件测试观察到很大的变异性，但作为表型组相比，这些健身组件的平均值之间的抗性和敏感的表型没有显着差异，除了耐啶酰菌胺的表型产生更少的分生孢子比敏感的菌株在体外。抗性菌株对苹果果实的致病力与敏感菌株相当。个体适合度分量的测试值和吡唑醚菌酯或啶酰菌胺的抗性水平之间没有显着相关性，除了在20 ℃的毒力与两种杀菌剂的抗性水平呈正相关。最终频率的吡唑醚菌酯抗性个体的群体中显着下降，与初始代相比，没有啶酰菌胺抗性个体被检测到4个疾病周期后，对苹果果实接种一对混合物的双敏感分离物和一个分离物的三个表型的每一个吡唑醚菌酯，啶酰菌胺，或两者兼而有之。结果表明，B.灰霉病菌对吡唑醚菌酯和啶酰菌胺的抗性在不存在杀真菌剂的情况下是稳定的，并且对这两种杀真菌剂的抗性不会显著损害所测试的个体适合度组分。然而，吡唑醚菌酯和啶酰菌胺抗性菌株在苹果果实上表现出竞争劣势。
Phenotype stability, fitness, and competitive ability of pyraclostrobin- and boscalid-resistant isolates of Botrytis cinerea from apple were investigated. Stability of resistance was determined after consecutive transfers on potato dextrose agar (PDA) or being cycled on apple fruit. In vitro fitness components mycelial growth, osmotic sensitivity, conidial germination, and sporulation were evaluated on agar media. Pathogenicity, virulence and sporulation on apple fruit were evaluated at both 20 and 0 degrees C. Competition between fungicide-resistant and -sensitive isolates on apple fruit also was evaluated. Resistance to the two fungicides was retained at levels similar to that of the initial generation after 20 and 10 transfers on PDA and five and three disease cycles on apple fruit at 20 and 0 degrees C, respectively. Great variability in individual fitness components tested was observed among isolates within the same phenotype groups either sensitive or resistant to the fungicides but, when compared as phenotype groups, there were no significant differences in the mean values of these fitness components between resistant and sensitive phenotypes except that the phenotype resistant only to boscalid produced fewer conidia in vitro than sensitive isolates. Resistant isolates were as pathogenic and virulent on apple fruit as sensitive isolates. There was no significant correlation between the values of individual fitness components tested and the level of resistance to pyraclostrobin or boscalid, except that virulence at 20 degrees C positively correlated with the level of resistance to the two fungicides. The final frequency of pyraclostrobin-resistant individuals in the populations was significantly decreased compared with the initial generation and no boscalid-resistant individuals were detected after four disease cycles on apple fruit inoculated with a pair mixture of a dual-sensitive isolate and one isolate each of the three phenotypes resistant to pyraclostrobin, boscalid, or both. The results suggest that resistance of B. cinerea to pyraclostrobin and boscalid was stable in the absence of the fungicides and that resistance to the two fungicides did not significantly impair individual fitness components tested. However, both pyraclostrobin- and boscalid-resistant isolates exhibited competitive disadvantage over the dual-sensitive isolate on apple fruit.