Ostwald ripening and gravitational equilibrium: Implications for long-term subsurface gas storage.

Ostwald ripening and gravitational equilibrium: Implications for long-term subsurface gas storage.
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奥斯特瓦尔德成熟和重力平衡:对长期地下天然气储存的影响。

DOI:
10.1103/physreve.106.045103
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Physical review. E
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Blunt MJ
Blunt MJ
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Blunt MJ

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本文用解析方法研究了多孔介质中气体和盐水的平衡构型,以及达到平衡的时间尺度。如果气体在孔隙空间中是连续的,我们就有了传统的重力-毛细管过渡带:其中是毛细管压力(气相和水相之间的压力差),是水相(盐水)饱和度,是相之间的密度差,是重力加速度,是向上增加的垂直距离坐标,其中表示水平面。然而,如果气体是断开的,如在二氧化碳和氢存储中的水流入期间可能发生的,则平衡的性质是不同的,其中通过水相的扩散(奥斯特瓦尔德熟化)保持与作为深度的函数的经解析确定的盐水密度一致的毛细管压力梯度:其中,是水相压力,是溶解在水相中的气体的比摩尔体积,是气体的分子量,是通用气体常数,是绝对温度。毛管压力随深度增加而减小。这意味着,一个深柱的被困气体不能无限期地持续下去。相反,过渡带与地层顶部附近的连通气体平衡形成:对于可渗透储层中的二氧化碳、氢气、甲烷或氮气,其厚度通常小于1米。然而,达到平衡的时间尺度估计为数百万年,因此不会显著影响数千年的长期储存。相反,在实验室规模的实验中,奥斯特瓦尔德熟化导致局部毛细管平衡在几周到一年内,取决于所考虑的气体。
The equilibrium configuration of a gas and brine in a porous medium, and the timescales to reach equilibrium, are investigated analytically. If the gas is continuous in the pore space, we have the traditional gravity-capillary transition zone:whereis the capillary pressure (pressure difference between the gas and aqueous phases),is the aqueous phase (brine) saturation,is the density difference between the phases,is the gravitational acceleration, andis a vertical distance coordinate increasing upwards, whereindicates the level where. However, if the gas is disconnected, as may occur during water influx in carbon dioxide and hydrogen storage, then the nature of equilibrium is different where diffusion through the aqueous phase (Ostwald ripening) maintains a capillary pressure gradient consistent with the thermodynamically-determined brine density as a function of depth:, whereis the aqueous phase pressure atis the specific molar volume of the gas dissolved in the aqueous phase,is the molecular mass of the gas,is the universal gas constant, andis the absolute temperature. The capillary pressure decreases with depth. This means that a deep column of trapped gas cannot be sustained indefinitely. Instead a transition zone forms in equilibrium with connected gas near the top of the formation: its thickness is typically less than 1 m for carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane or nitrogen in a permeable reservoir. The timescales to reach equilibrium are, however, estimated to be millions of years, and hence do not significantly affect long-term storage over millennia. At the scale of laboratory experiments, in contrast, Ostwald ripening leads to local capillary equilibrium in a few weeks to a year, dependent on the gas considered.
298.15 K 和 303.15 K 下 13 种气体在水中的偏摩尔体积
DOI: --
发表时间: 2001
期刊:
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