Retrotransposons Manipulating Mammalian Skeletal Development in Chondrocytes
Retrotransposons Manipulating Mammalian Skeletal Development in Chondrocytes
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms21051564
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发表时间：
2020-02
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
S. Kubota;Takanori Ishikawa;Kazumi Kawata;T. Hattori;Takashi Nishida
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Kubota;Takanori Ishikawa;Kazumi Kawata;T. Hattori;Takashi Nishida
反转录转座子是通过转录、逆转录和整合过程将自身复制和粘贴到宿主基因组中的遗传元件。沿着它们在基因组中的增殖，反转录转座子不可避免地修饰整合位点周围的宿主基因，并且偶尔产生新基因。即使是现在，一些逆转录转座子仍然在积极编辑我们的基因组。因此，它们在哺乳动物基因组进化中的深刻作用是显而易见的;因此，它们对哺乳动物骨骼进化和发育的贡献也是毋庸置疑的。在哺乳动物中，大多数骨骼部分是通过称为软骨内骨化的过程形成和生长的，其中软骨细胞发挥核心作用。本文综述了逆转录转座子在哺乳动物软骨细胞分化和软骨发育中的进化、生理和病理作用。这些移动的遗传因素在未来可能产生的生物学影响也进行了讨论。
Retrotransposons are genetic elements that copy and paste themselves in the host genome through transcription, reverse-transcription, and integration processes. Along with their proliferation in the genome, retrotransposons inevitably modify host genes around the integration sites, and occasionally create novel genes. Even now, a number of retrotransposons are still actively editing our genomes. As such, their profound role in the evolution of mammalian genomes is obvious; thus, their contribution to mammalian skeletal evolution and development is also unquestionable. In mammals, most of the skeletal parts are formed and grown through a process entitled endochondral ossification, in which chondrocytes play central roles. In this review, current knowledge on the evolutional, physiological, and pathological roles of retrotransposons in mammalian chondrocyte differentiation and cartilage development is summarized. The possible biological impact of these mobile genetic elements in the future is also discussed.