Urban gravity in the global container shipping network
Urban gravity in the global container shipping network
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102729
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发表时间：
2020-05
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
C. Ducruet;Hidekazu Itoh;J. Berli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Ducruet;Hidekazu Itoh;J. Berli
虽然在过去几十年中，港口和城市之间的空间和功能关系一直受到质疑，但城市化和海运在全球社会经济发展中的持续重要性促使人们更深入地研究它们之间的相互作用。对全球贸易网络的研究往往是在国家一级进行的，包括所有运输方式，得出的结论是，距离仍然是一个强大的反作用力。本文希望检测全球集装箱运输网络是否在城市级别上遵循类似的属性。1977年至2016年期间，超过200万港口间船舶运动被分配到大约9000个港口和4600个城市，以在两种不同的网络拓扑结构上运行重力模型。引力属性被发现，因为较大的城市彼此连接更多，但距离更短。距离效应的程度在40年中呈负增长，证实了距离的“令人困惑”或强化效应，但它取决于节点聚集和网络拓扑结构。我们的结论是，港口和城市继续分享重要的相互依赖性，但这些往往依赖于有害的物理改造。讨论提出了潜在的业务和理论机制的利害关系。集装箱航运;引力模型;海上贸易;港口城市;空间相互作用;世界城市网络。
While the spatial and functional relationships between ports and cities have been put in question in the last decades, the continued importance of urbanization and maritime transport in global socio-economic development motivates deeper research on their interaction. The global trade network is often studied at the country level and all transport modes included, concluding that distance remains a strong counterforce to exchange. This article wishes to detect whether the global container shipping network obeys similar properties at the city level. More than 2 million inter-port vessel movements between 1977 and 2016 are assigned to about 9000 ports and 4600 cities to run a gravity model on two different network topologies. Gravitational properties are found, as larger cities connect more with each other but less at distance. The degree of distance effects negatively expanded in 40 years, confirming the “puzzling” or reinforcing effect of distance, yet it varies greatly depending on node aggregation and network topology. We conclude that ports and cities continue to share important interdependencies, but these often rest on a detrimental physical transformation. A discussion is proposed about the underlying operational and theoretical mechanisms at stake. Keywords container shipping; gravity model; maritime trade; port cities; spatial interaction; world city networks.