SEMANTIC MEMORY LOSS IN DEMENTIA OF ALZHEIMERS TYPE - WHAT DO VARIOUS MEASURES MEASURE
SEMANTIC MEMORY LOSS IN DEMENTIA OF ALZHEIMERS TYPE - WHAT DO VARIOUS MEASURES MEASURE
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DOI：
10.1093/brain/113.2.397
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发表时间：
1990-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
BUB, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CHERTKOW, H;BUB, D
本文探讨了三个方法学问题有关的测量语义记忆障碍的脑损伤患者。对10例精心挑选的阿尔茨海默型痴呆（DAT）和命名障碍患者进行了研究。一组感知测试和语义记忆的直接测试得出的结论是，这些患者代表了一个同质的组，他们的语义记忆存储有显着恶化，没有视觉感知缺陷。第一个问题是，在这个病人组中，语言流畅性障碍是否准确地反映了语义记忆的丧失。结果发现，言语流畅性（语义类别列表的生成）受损，由于两个主要的限制：语义记忆存储的恶化，和变量的语义搜索的困难。因此，言语流畅性在某种程度上反映了语义记忆的丧失，但不是DAT中语义记忆储存的直接测试。第二个问题是，我们患者的语义记忆损伤是否符合Shallice（1987）假设的“语义储存障碍”综合征。结果表明，与这一假设相一致，患者表现出共同发生的一致性的错误，语义线索的损失，并保留上位知识与概念项目的详细知识的损失。第三个问题是语义提示和语义启动是否以类似的方式在DAT中改变。它表明，语义提示和语义启动，使用相同的词，其概念在语义记忆中被降级，产生了完全不同的模式的结果。因此，提示和启动在脑损伤后语义丧失的研究中可能不能互换使用。
This paper examines three methodological issues concerning the measurement of semantic memory impairment in brain-damaged patients. Ten carefully selected patients with dementia of Alzheimer''s type (DAT) and anomia were studied. A battery of perceptual tests and direct tests of semantic memory led to the conclusion that these patients represented a homogeneous group having a prominent deterioration of their semantic memory store without visual perceptual deficits. The first issue addressed in this patient group was whether verbal fluency impairment accurately reflected the loss of semantic memory. It was found that verbal fluency (generation of semantic category lists) was impaired due to two major constraints: deterioration of semantic memory store, and variable difficulties in semantic search. Verbal fluency, therefore, reflects semantic memory loss to some degree, but is not a direct test of semantic memory store in DAT. The second issue was whether semantic memory impairment in our patients conformed to the ''semantic storage disorder'' syndrome hypothesized by Shallice (1987). It was shown that, consistent with this hypothesis, the patients demonstrated co-occurrence of consistency of errors, loss of semantic cueing, and preserved superordinate knowledge with loss of detailed knowledge of concept items. The third issue was whether semantic cueing and semantic priming are altered in a similar manner in DAT. It demonstrated that semantic cueing and semantic priming, using the same words whose concepts were degraded in semantic memory, yielded an entirely different pattern of results. Cueing and priming therefore may not be used interchangeably in the study of semantic loss after brain damage.