2013 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures Alzheimer's Association
2013 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures Alzheimer's Association
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jalz.2013.02.003
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
14
通讯作者：
Bleiler, Laura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thies, William;Bleiler, Laura
本报告提供信息，以增加对阿尔茨海默病（AD）的公共卫生影响的了解，包括发病率和患病率，死亡率，卫生支出和护理成本，以及对护理人员和整个社会的影响。它还探讨了远程照顾者的作用和独特的挑战，以及针对这些挑战的干预措施。估计有520万美国人患有AD。约200，000名年龄小于65岁的AD患者构成了年轻发病的AD人群; 500万人构成了老年发病的AD人群。在未来几十年中，婴儿潮一代预计将使美国AD患者总数增加约1000万人。今天，美国每68秒就有一个人患上AD。到2050年，预计每33秒就会出现一例新的AD病例，即每年近100万例新病例，预计总患病率为1380万。AD是美国的第六大死因，也是65岁或以上美国人的第五大死因。2000年至2010年，心脏病、中风和前列腺癌导致的死亡比例分别下降了16%、23%和8%，而AD导致的死亡比例增加了68%。由官方死亡证明确定的AD死亡人数（2010年为83，494人）可能低于美国AD相关死亡人数。预计2013年将有45万老年AD患者死亡，其中很大一部分将死于AD并发症。2012年，超过1500万名家庭成员和其他无偿护理人员为AD和其他痴呆症患者提供了约175亿小时的护理，价值超过2160亿美元。向65岁及以上患有AD和其他痴呆症的受益人支付的医疗保险服务费用是向没有这些条件的受益人支付的费用的三倍，而医疗补助费用是19倍。2013年，为65岁及以上痴呆症患者提供的医疗保健、长期护理和临终关怀服务的总支出预计为2030亿美元（不包括无偿护理人员的贡献）。据估计，有230万AD和其他痴呆症患者的护理人员居住在距离护理对象至少1小时的地方。这些“远程护理人员”面临着独特的挑战，包括难以评估护理对象的真实健康状况和需求、家庭对护理决定的分歧率很高，以及与护理相关的自付费用很高。长途护理人员的自付费用几乎是当地护理人员的两倍。(C)2013年，阿尔茨海默氏症协会。All rights reserved.
This report provides information to increase understanding of the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality rates, health expenditures and costs of care, and effect on caregivers and society in general. It also explores the roles and unique challenges of long-distance caregivers, as well as interventions that target those challenges. An estimated 5.2 million Americans have AD. Approximately 200,000 people younger than 65 years with AD comprise the younger onset AD population; 5 million comprise the older onset AD population. Throughout the coming decades, the baby boom generation is projected to add about 10 million to the total number of people in the United States with AD. Today, someone in America develops AD every 68 seconds. By 2050, one new case of AD is expected to develop every 33 seconds, or nearly a million new cases per year, and the total estimated prevalence is expected to be 13.8 million. AD is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death in Americans age 65 years or older. Between 2000 and 2010, the proportion of deaths resulting from heart disease, stroke, and prostate cancer decreased 16%, 23%, and 8%, respectively, whereas the proportion resulting from AD increased 68%. The number of deaths from AD as determined by official death certificates (83,494 in 2010) likely underrepresents the number of AD-related deaths in the United States. A projected 450,000 older Americans with AD will die in 2013, and a large proportion will die as a result of complications of AD. In 2012, more than 15 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 17.5 billion hours of care to people with AD and other dementias, a contribution valued at more than $216 billion. Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 years and older with AD and other dementias are three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are 19 times as great. Total payments in 2013 for health care, long-term care, and hospice services for people age 65 years and older with dementia are expected to be $203 billion (not including the contributions of unpaid caregivers). An estimated 2.3 million caregivers of people with AD and other dementias live at least 1 hour away from the care recipient. These "long-distance caregivers" face unique challenges, including difficulty in assessing the care recipient's true health condition and needs, high rates of family disagreement regarding caregiving decisions, and high out-of-pocket expenses for costs related to caregiving. Out-of-pocket costs for long-distance caregivers are almost twice as high as for local caregivers. (C) 2013 The Alzheimer's Association. All rights reserved.