Candidate Selection in Germany
Candidate Selection in Germany
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德国候选人遴选
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Klaus Detterbeck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Klaus Detterbeck
比较而言，对党内程序的强有力的法律的规范是德国政党民主的一个特点。地方和地区政党大会是选择议会候选人的正式决策场所。国家政党一级相对而言被排除在程序之外。文章认为，党内权力的分散促进了地方和地区政党精英的守门作用。在选区一级，最常见的情况是，一名候选人在当地政党精英的非正式预选活动中被任命后，被介绍给政党大会。获得地方提名是获得联邦议会授权的关键一步，要么赢得直接选区授权，要么被授予安全名单位置。在地区一级，土地党精英控制着编制平衡的政党名单。这篇文章还着眼于最新的发展，如引入政党初选和性别配额。它表明，这些事态发展在某种程度上削弱了，但没有从根本上改变，国家以下一级政党精英在候选人选择中的主导地位。
In comparative terms, the strong legal regulation of internal party processes is a specific feature of the German party democracy. Local and regional party conventions are the formal sites of decision making in selecting parliamentary candidates. The national party level is relatively excluded from the procedures. The article argues that the decentralization of intraparty competences has facilitated a gatekeeping role for local and regional party elites. At the constituency level, most often a single candidate is presented to the party convention after he or she has been appointed in the informal preselection activities of local party elites. Gaining a local nomination is the crucial step for obtaining a federal parliamentary mandate, either by winning a direct constituency mandate or being awarded a safe list position. At the regional level, Land party elites are in control of producing balanced party lists. The article also looks at newer developments, such as the introduction of party primaries and gender quotas. It shows that these developments have somehow weakened, but not fundamentally altered, the predominance of subnational party elites in candidate selection.