You are what you eat: Genetically modified foods, integrity, and society
You are what you eat: Genetically modified foods, integrity, and society
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DOI：
10.1023/b:jage.0000004962.00050.17
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Pascalev, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pascalev, A
到目前为止，关于转基因食品（GMF）的道德辩论主要集中在关于这些食品的健康影响，环境影响和经济效益的外在后果主义问题上。转基因食品道德的这种外在方法依赖于未经证实的经验主张，未能解释食物和食物选择的内在道德价值及其与代理人美好生活概念的联系。我发展了一套反对转基因食品的基础上的完整性的概念，并坚持认为，食品和食品的选择可以密切相关的代理人的个人诚信。我认为，由于转基因食品的构成及其生产方式，这些食品与某些个人道德代理人或团体的基本价值观和完整性不相容。我确定了三种类型的完整性受到威胁的转基因食品：宗教，消费者和诚信的基础上某些其他道德或形而上的理由。我坚持认为，这些类型的诚信是足够重要的，为保护受影响者的利益的政治和社会行动提供理由。最后，我提出了处理转基因食品的具体步骤，这些步骤符合知情同意、不伤害和尊重社会所有成员完整性的道德原则。这些措施包括对转基因食品进行强制性标识，实施有关此类食品的控制和管理制度，并保证提供传统食品。
Thus far, the moral debate concerning genetically modified foods (GMF) has focused on extrinsic consequentialist questions about the health effects, environmental impacts, and economic benefits of such foods. This extrinsic approach to the morality of GMF is dependent on unsubstantiated empirical claims and fails to account for the intrinsic moral value of food and food choice and their connection to the agent's concept of the good life. I develop a set of objections to GMF grounded in the concept of integrity and maintain that food and food choice can be intimately connected to the agent's personal integrity. I argue that due to the constitution of GMF and the manner in which they are produced, such foods are incompatible with the fundamental values and integrity of certain individual moral agents or groups. I identify three types of integrity that are threatened by GMF: religious, consumer, and integrity based on certain other moral or metaphysical grounds. I maintain that these types of integrity are sufficiently important to provide justification for political and societal actions to protect the interests of those affected. I conclude by proposing specific steps for handling GMF consistent with the moral principles of informed consent, non-maleficence, and respect for the integrity of all members of society. They include mandatory labeling of GMF, the implementation of a system for control and regulations concerning such foods, and guaranteed provision of conventional foods.