The progress of novel drug delivery systems
The progress of novel drug delivery systems
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DOI：
10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-0953
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jiang Xin-guo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gao Hui-le;Jiang Xin-guo
药物的发展提供了多种新型的给药系统，对提高药物疗效具有重要意义，是药剂学的重要研究领域之一。根据其应用，我们通常可以将新型给药系统分为三类：快速给药系统、长效给药系统和高效给药系统。有些疾病，如哮喘、心绞痛和偏头痛，需要紧急治疗，药物必须在几分钟内吸收。因此，开发了快速执行的药物递送系统，例如口腔崩解片剂和鼻喷雾剂。对于正常的片剂和胶囊剂，特别是血液半衰期较短的药物，血药浓度呈现明显的峰谷现象，降低了治疗效果，需要多次给药。为了解决这一问题，药物缓释系统应运而生，它能使药物以零级动力学缓慢、持续释放。脉冲给药系统是一种可实现一次或多次延迟、脉冲释药的给药系统。该系统在哮喘和心脏病的管理中特别有用，这些疾病通常在午夜或清晨患者躺在床上时发现。经皮给药系统可以持续释放药物，并通过皮肤将药物输送到血液循环中，提供长期的活性。水不溶性药物是药物开发的难点，因此人们开发了许多方法来提高药物的溶解度和生物利用度。虽然生物制药对疾病治疗很重要，但其应用受到稳定性差和生物利用度低的影响。因此，生物给药系统的发展，主要集中在结构修饰和载体包封。考虑到治疗效果需要药物与其靶标之间的相互作用，将药物递送至其靶标是重要的。因此，以纳米粒为主要载体的靶向给药系统应运而生。此外，按需释药系统也因其具有环境触发释药的特性而得到发展。最后，本文对新型给药系统进行了综述。
The development of pharmaceuticals has been providing many kinds of novel drug delivery systems, which are important for improving therapeutic effect and one of the most important fields in pharmaceutics. According to their application, we can generally divide the novel drug delivery systems into three categories: quickly performed drug delivery system, long-term drug delivery system and high effective drug delivery system. Some diseases, such as asthma, angina pectoris and migraine, require therapeutics urgently, and the drugs have to be absorbed in several minutes. Therefore, quickly performed drug delivery systems are developed, such as oral disintegrating tablets and nasal spray. For normal tablets and capsules, especially the drugs with short blood half life, the drug concentration in blood shows obvious peak-valley phenomenon, which reduces the therapeutic effect and requires multiple administration. To solve this problem, sustained drug release system was developed, which could release the drugs slowly and sustainably even in zero-order kinetics. The pulse drug delivery system was developed that can delayed and pulsed release drug for one or several times. This system is especially useful in the management of asthma and heart disease, which are often found in midnight or early morning when patients are in bed. Transdermal drug delivery system could release drugs sustainably and deliver the drugs through skin to blood circulation, providing long term activity. The water-insoluble drugs are difficult for pharmaceutical development, thus many methods were developed to improve the solubility and bioavailability of drugs. Although biopharmaceuticals are important for disease treatment, the application shadows by the poor stability and low bioavailability. Thus the biopharmaceutical delivery system was developed, which mainly focused on structure modification and encapsulation by carriers. Considering therapeutic effect requires interaction between drugs and their targets, it is important to deliver drugs to their targets. Therefore, targeting delivery systems were developed, which mainly based on the nanoparticles. Furthermore, on-demand release drug delivery systems are also developed with the property of environment-triggered drug release. In conclusion, the novel drug delivery systems were reviewed in this study.