Commentary: Urban friendship: Towards an alternative anthropological genealogy
Commentary: Urban friendship: Towards an alternative anthropological genealogy
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评论：城市友谊：走向另类人类学谱系
DOI：
10.1177/0042098017738960
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
P. Werbner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Werbner
这篇评论概述了从 20 世纪 50 年代至今的城市友谊的知识谱系，这影响了我自己的友谊研究。首先追溯这一发展中的理论，该理论基于紧密结合、隔离的网络与松散或广泛分支的网络之间的基本对比。这些形态特征定义了性别角色、友谊文化和同伴群体忠诚度。与城市友谊仅限于亲密、私人领域的观点相反，我认为友谊调解了阶级结构和城市认知图谱。它也是精英形成和国内领域的基础——这是新移民之间价值竞赛的场所。我进一步建议，苏菲派等志愿组织中的选择性友谊跨越亲属关系、地点和国界。格奥尔格·齐美尔将现代资本主义大都市视为一个“自由”之地，但同时也是一个匿名和疏离的地方，以及一种“保守”、不信任的态度的理论中，出现了一种更加黑暗、更加辩证的城市个体主体性概念。我认为，这一西美尔式的愿景在本期特刊的许多文章中都有阐述，涉及友谊的矛盾心理和转瞬即逝的友谊的本质。
This commentary outlines an intellectual genealogy of urban friendship stretching from the 1950s to the present, which influenced my own work on friendship. It begins by tracing this developing theory grounded in a basic contrast between close-knit, segregated networks and loose-knit or widely ramifying networks. Such morphological features define gender roles, friendship cultures and peer-group loyalties. Against the view that urban friendship is restricted to the intimate, private domain, I argue that friendship mediates structures of class and urban cognitive mapping. It is also the basis for the formation of elites and of the interdomestic domain – the setting for tournaments of value among immigrants newcomers. I further propose that elective friendship in voluntary organisations such as Sufi orders cuts across kinship, place and national boundaries. A rather darker, more dialectical conception of urban individual subjectivity emerges from Georg Simmel’s theorisation of the modern capitalist metropolis as a place of ‘freedom’, but also of anonymity and alienation, and of a ‘reserved’, distrustful attitude. This Simmelian vision is articulated, I propose, in many of the articles in this special issue, concerned with the ambivalences of friendship and the nature of fleeting friendships.