The global biogeography of avian haemosporidian parasites is characterized by local diversification and intercontinental dispersal
The global biogeography of avian haemosporidian parasites is characterized by local diversification and intercontinental dispersal
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s0031182018001130
复制
发表时间：
2019-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Ricklefs, Robert E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellis, Vincenzo A.;Sari, Eloisa H. R.;Ricklefs, Robert E.
寄生虫和病原体的地理历史很少与自由生活的物种（包括其宿主）的历史进行比较。记录寄生虫和病原体在地理区域传播的频率不仅有助于了解它们的演变，而且有助于了解它们成为新出现的传染病的可能性。鸟类的血孢子虫寄生虫（寄生虫属疟原虫属、血变形菌属和白细胞虫属）是全球分布的双翅目介导的寄生虫。迄今为止，超过2000个禽血孢子虫谱系已被指定的分子条形码方法。为了实现它们目前的分布，一些谱系必须分散很长的距离，通常是在水上。在这里，我们量化这些事件使用全球禽血孢子虫数据库Malavi和其他记录主要来自美洲。我们根据感染记录将谱系分为一个或多个全球地理区域。大多数血统仅限于一个地区，但有些是全球性的分布。我们还使用了部分细胞色素B基因来创建属级寄生虫同源性，并将支持良好的节点评分为在区域同域或异域中具有后代谱系。疟原虫、血变形杆菌和白细胞虫的后代姐妹谱系分别分布在11%、16%和15%的调查节点中。虽然细胞色素B的所有三个属的分子变异的一个小的，但显着的部分可以解释的地理区域，全球寄生虫的传播可能有助于大多数的原因不明的方差。我们的研究结果表明，禽血孢子虫寄生虫在其进化史上面临的地理障碍很少。
The biogeographic histories of parasites and pathogens are infrequently compared with those of free-living species, including their hosts. Documenting the frequency with which parasites and pathogens disperse across geographic regions contributes to understanding not only their evolution, but also the likelihood that they may become emerging infectious diseases. Haemosporidian parasites of birds (parasite genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) are globally distributed, dipteran-vectored parasites. To date, over 2000 avian haemosporidian lineages have been designated by molecular barcoding methods. To achieve their current distributions, some lineages must have dispersed long distances, often over water. Here we quantify such events using the global avian haemosporidian database MalAvi and additional records primarily from the Americas. We scored lineages as belonging to one or more global biogeographic regions based on infection records. Most lineages were restricted to a single region but some were globally distributed. We also used part of the cytochrome b gene to create genus-level parasite phylogenies and scored well-supported nodes as having descendant lineages in regional sympatry or allopatry. Descendant sister lineages of Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon were distributed in allopatry in 11, 16 and 15% of investigated nodes, respectively. Although a small but significant fraction of the molecular variance in cytochrome b of all three genera could be explained by biogeographic region, global parasite dispersal likely contributed to the majority of the unexplained variance. Our results suggest that avian haemosporidian parasites have faced few geographic barriers to dispersal over their evolutionary history.