The fear-inhibited light reflex: importance of the anticipation of an aversive event
The fear-inhibited light reflex: importance of the anticipation of an aversive event
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2003.12.006
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Bradshaw, CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bitsios, P;Szabadi, E;Bradshaw, CM
原理：先前已表明，与受试者休息时相比，当受试者预期会有厌恶性刺激（即电击）时，瞳孔光反射反应的幅度会降低（即“恐惧抑制光反射”）。
目的：比较预期电击（假定的厌恶性事件）和预期声音刺激（假定的中性事件）对光反射的影响。
方法：12名健康志愿者参加了一次训练和一次实验。用红外双目电视瞳孔测量法监测瞳孔直径。实验过程包括14个组块，每组块有3次光刺激。“放松”（无预期）和“预期”（电刺激或声音刺激）组块交替进行。情绪和感觉用视觉模拟量表进行自评。
结果：对电刺激的预期与初始瞳孔直径增大、主观评定的“焦虑”和“警觉性”增加以及瞳孔光反射反应幅度降低相关，而对声音刺激的预期仅与初始瞳孔直径增大和主观“警觉性”增加相关。
结论：初始瞳孔直径的增大与对任何刺激的预期有关，而光反射反应幅度的降低则与预期刺激的厌恶性有关。（C）2003爱思唯尔B.V.版权所有。
Rationale: It has been shown previously that the amplitude of the pupillary light reflex response decreases when subjects anticipate an aversive stimulus (i.e. electric shock), compared to periods when subjects are resting ('fear-inhibited light reflex'). Objective: To compare the effects of the anticipation of an electric shock (putative aversive event) and of an acoustic stimulus (putative neutral event) on the light reflex. Methods: Twelve healthy volunteers participated in a training session and an experimental session. Pupil diameter was monitored with infra-red binocular television pupillometry. The experimental session consisted of 14 blocks of 3 light simuli. 'Relaxation' (no anticipation) and 'anticipation' (electrical or acoustic stimulus) blocks alternated. Mood and feelings were self-rated on visual analogue scales. Results: The anticipation of the electrical stimulus was associated with increases in initial pupil diameter and subjectively rated 'anxiety' and 'alertness', and a decrease in the amplitude of the pupillary light reflex response, whereas anticipation of the acoustic stimulus was associated with increases in initial pupil diameter and subjective 'alertness' only. Conclusions: The increase in initial pupil diameter is related to the anticipation of any stimulus, whereas the decrease in the amplitude of the light reflex response is associated with the aversiveness of the anticipated stimulus. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.