Hydrogeology of desert springs in the Panamint Range, California, USA: Identifying the sources and amount of recharge that support spring flow

Hydrogeology of desert springs in the Panamint Range, California, USA: Identifying the sources and amount of recharge that support spring flow
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美国加利福尼亚州帕纳明特山脉沙漠泉水的水文地质:确定支持泉水流量的补给来源和补给量

DOI:
10.1002/hyp.13621
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Meyers, Zachary P.
Meyers, Zachary P.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gleason, Carolyn L.;Frisbee, Marty D.;Rademacher, Laura K.;Sada, Donald W.;Meyers, Zachary P.

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尽管帕纳明特山脉位于内华达山脉南部的雨影区,但它拥有复杂的山区地下水系统,支撑着众多具有文化、历史和生态重要性的泉水。由于帕纳明特山脉的水文地质研究很少,因此支持这些典型沙漠泉水的补给来源仍然缺乏量化。在这里,我们解决以下问题:(i)支持帕纳明特山脉泉水的主要补给来源是什么(融雪或降雨),(ii)补给发生在哪里(山区、山前或山地系统)以及(iii)帕纳明特山脉发生了多少补给?我们使用在泉水和降水中测量的稳定同位素来回答问题 (i) 和 (ii),并使用氯化物质量平衡方法(与 Maxey-Eakin 方程的推导进行比较)来回答问题 (iii)。我们的降水稳定同位素组成(δ18O 和 δ2H)数据集很短(1.5 年),但对泉水样本的分析表明,高海拔融雪是这些泉水补给的主要来源,占补给的 57 (±9)% 至 79 (±12)%。降雨带来的补给虽小,但并非微不足道。山体补给是主要的补给机制。然而,帕纳明特山谷中帕纳明特山脉西部山前出现的两个盆地泉水似乎受到山前和山地系统补给的支持,而图勒泉(帕纳明特山脉东侧巴哈达终点出现的盆地泉水)似乎受到山前补给的支持。计算的补给率范围从 19 毫米年−1(海拔 < 1000 mrsl)到 388 毫米年−1(海拔 > 1000 mrsl)。年平均补给量约为 91 mmyear−1(相当于年总降水量的 19.4%)。我们推断,帕纳明特山脉(及其相关生态系统)的泉水极易受到与气候变化相关的积雪变化的影响。它们严重依赖相对较薄的年度积雪的融雪补给。这些发现对全世界沙漠泉水的脆弱性具有重要意义。
Despite its location in the rain shadow of the southern Sierra Nevada, the Panamint Range hosts a complex mountain groundwater system supporting numerous springs which have cultural, historical, and ecological importance. The sources of recharge that support these quintessential desert springs remain poorly quantified since very little hydrogeological research has been completed in the Panamint Range. Here we address the following questions: (i) what is the primary source of recharge that supports springs in the Panamint Range (snowmelt or rainfall), (ii) where is the recharge occurring (mountain‐block, mountain‐front, or mountain‐system) and (iii) how much recharge occurs in the Panamint Range? We answer questions (i) and (ii) using stable isotopes measured in spring waters and precipitation, and question (iii) using a chloride mass‐balance approach which is compared to a derivation of the Maxey–Eakin equation. Our dataset of the stable isotopic composition (δ18O andδ2H) of precipitation is short (1.5 years), but analyses on spring water samples indicate that high‐elevation snowmelt is the dominant source of recharge for these springs, accounting for 57 (±9) to 79 (±12) percent of recharge. Recharge from rainfall is small but not insignificant. Mountain‐block recharge is the dominant recharge mechanism. However, two basin springs emerging along the western mountain‐front of the Panamint Range in Panamint Valley appear to be supported by mountain‐front and mountain‐system recharge, while Tule Spring (a basin spring emerging at the terminus of the bajada on the eastern side of the Panamint Range) appears to be supported by mountain‐front recharge. Calculated recharge rates range from 19 mm year−1(elevations < 1000 mrsl) to 388 mm year−1(elevations > 1000 mrsl). The average annual recharge is approximately 91 mm year−1(equivalent to 19.4 percent of total annual precipitation). We infer that the springs in the Panamint Range (and their associated ecosystems) are extremely vulnerable to changes in snow cover associated with climate change. They are heavily dependent on snowmelt recharge from a relatively thin annual snowpack. These findings have important implications for the vulnerability of desert springs worldwide.
加利福尼亚州帕纳明特山脉的地貌特征
DOI: --
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期刊:
影响因子: --
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影响因子: --
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期刊:
影响因子: --
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