The Glymphatic System: A Beginner's Guide.
The Glymphatic System: A Beginner's Guide.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11064-015-1581-6
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Nedergaard M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jessen NA;Munk AS;Lundgaard I;Nedergaard M
胶质淋巴系统是最近发现的宏观废物清除系统，其利用由星形胶质细胞形成的独特的血管周围通道系统来促进可溶性蛋白质和代谢物从中枢神经系统的有效消除。除了废物消除，胶质淋巴系统还可以发挥作用，以帮助分配非废物化合物，如葡萄糖，脂质，氨基酸和与体积传输有关的神经递质，在大脑中。有趣的是，胶质淋巴系统主要在睡眠时发挥作用，在清醒时基本上不起作用。因此，所有物种对睡眠的生物需求可能反映出大脑必须进入一种活动状态，以消除潜在的神经毒性废物，包括β-淀粉样蛋白。由于胶质淋巴系统的概念相对较新，我们将在这里回顾其基本结构要素，组织，调节和功能。我们还将讨论最近的研究表明，胶质淋巴功能在各种疾病中受到抑制，胶质淋巴功能的失败反过来可能导致神经退行性疾病，创伤性脑损伤和中风的病理学。
The glymphatic system is a recently discovered macroscopic waste clearance system that utilizes a unique system of perivascular channels, formed by astroglial cells, to promote efficient elimination of soluble proteins and metabolites from the central nervous system. Besides waste elimination, the glymphatic system may also function to help distribute non-waste compounds, such as glucose, lipids, amino acids, and neurotransmitters related to volume transmission, in the brain. Intriguingly, the glymphatic system function mainly during sleep and is largely disengaged during wakefulness. The biological need for sleep across all species may therefore reflect that the brain must enter a state of activity that enables elimination of potentially neurotoxic waste products, including β-amyloid. Since the concept of the glymphatic system is relatively new, we will here review its basic structural elements, organization, regulation, and functions. We will also discuss recent studies indicating that glymphatic function is suppressed in various diseases and that failure of glymphatic function in turn might contribute to pathology in neurodegenerative disorders, traumatic brain injury and stroke.