The 'new' barbarians: governmentality, securitization and Islam in Western Europe
The 'new' barbarians: governmentality, securitization and Islam in Western Europe
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“新”野蛮人：西欧的治理、安全化和伊斯兰教
DOI：
10.1007/s11562-011-0159-6
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Edmunds J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edmunds J
在后9/11背景下，基于旧殖民思想的新形式的穆斯林治理已经出现。对西欧定居穆斯林人口实行高度合法化的微观监督措施，导致通过法律的措施和政治言论限制权利。一种新形式的政府将宗教信仰的标志，如头巾，视为对国家认同和安全的潜在威胁。通过法律的机制和基于与殖民统治有关的主题的流行叙事相结合的运作，穆斯林被“驱逐”出法律和政治。随着非殖民化，这种叙述已经转变为一种关于“本土”外来力量的叙述，这种力量的跨国依恋被认为是拒绝将宗教身份限制在私人领域的明显表现，被认为是一种需要遏制的风险。欧洲穆斯林反对将他们排除在法律保护之外，宣布他们作为公民和人类的权利，以此作为打击宗教和文化歧视的一种方式。从历史上看，人权是从遏制和排斥过程中产生的。今天，新一代的穆斯林已经借用权利的语言来抗议这些排斥，将镜子对准侵犯人权者：他们的最初支持者。这是一个“实现公民身份”的案例，欧洲穆斯林获得并调动资源和技能，弥合公民身份承诺与人权之间的差距。
In the post 9/11 context new forms of governance of Muslims based on the resurfacing of old colonial ideas have emerged. Micro-surveillance measures involving the hyper-legalization of settled Muslim populations in Western Europe have led to a curtailment of rights through legal measures and political discourses. A new form of governmentality identifies signs of religious belief, such as thehijab, as a potential threat to national identity and security. Operating through a combination of legal mechanisms and popular narratives based on themes associated with colonial governance, Muslims have been ‘cast out’ of law and politics. With decolonization, this narrative has been transformed into one about a ‘home-grown’ alien force whose transnational attachments, thought to be evident in a refusal to confine religious identity to the private sphere, are presented as a risk that needs to be contained. European Muslims have rebelled against their removal from the protection of the law by declaring their rights as citizens and as humans as a way of combating religious and cultural discrimination. Historically, human rights have emerged out of processes of containment and exclusions. Today, a new generation of Muslims has appropriated the language of rights to protest against these exclusions, holding the mirror up to the transgressors of human rights: their original proponents. This is a case of ‘realized citizenship’ in which European Muslims gain access to and mobilize resources and skills to bridge the gap between the promise of citizenship and human rights.