Shaming and Sanitation in Indonesia: A Return to Colonial Public Health Practices?
Shaming and Sanitation in Indonesia: A Return to Colonial Public Health Practices?
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DOI：
10.1111/dech.12075
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Susilo, Anggun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Engel, Susan;Susilo, Anggun
充足的环境卫生对人类健康至关重要，但实现环境卫生千年发展目标的进展缓慢，十亿人可能无法实现这一目标。印度尼西亚的无法获得卫生设施的人口数量位居世界第三，并且与大多数发展中国家一样，该国在解决这一问题上投入的资源不足。在农村地区，政府在世界银行的支持下没有提供额外资金，而是推广了社区主导的全面卫生设施（CLTS）方法，利用社会动员鼓励人们建造自己的厕所。在印度尼西亚和其他地方，CLTS 不仅仅涉及教育和鼓励；它使用社会羞辱和惩罚。作者认为，这不仅是一种不充分的方法，而且与强制性的、基于种族的殖民地公共卫生做法相呼应。因此，本文通过对 1920 年代由洛克菲勒基金会资助的钩虫根除计划和当前世界银行水和环境卫生计划（均在爪哇）资助的案例研究，将印度尼西亚殖民医学的现存史学与 CLTS 的当代学术文献和实地研究结合起来。
Adequate sanitation is vital to human health, yet progress on the Millennium Development Goal for sanitation has been slow and the target is likely to be missed by one billion people. Indonesia has the third highest number of people of any country in the world without access to sanitation and, like most developing countries, it is devoting insufficient resources to the issue. In rural areas, rather than providing additional funding, the government with support of the World Bank has promoted the Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach, which uses social mobilization to encourage people to construct their own latrines. In Indonesia as elsewhere, CLTS involves more than just education and encouragement; it uses social shaming and punishments. The authors argue that this is not only an inadequate approach but one which echoes coercive, race-based colonial public health practices. This article thus integrates extant historiography on Indonesian colonial medicine with contemporary scholarly literature and field research on CLTS using case studies of a 1920s hookworm-eradication programme funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, and the current World Bank Water and Sanitation Programme, both in Java.