Four decades of ozonesonde measurements over Antarctica
Four decades of ozonesonde measurements over Antarctica
复制标题
南极洲臭氧探空仪四十年的测量
DOI：
10.1029/2005jd005917
复制
发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Thompson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Solomon;R. Portmann;T. Sasaki;D. Hofmann;D. Thompson
[1]描述了40多年来从锡奥瓦和南极进行的臭氧探空仪观测，并进行了相互比较。来自两个地点的观察显示出显著的一致，支持并扩大了从两个地点单独获得的理解。10月份，这两个地点在相对较窄的海拔范围内(约12至24公里)都显示出南极臭氧的广泛损失，数据与极地平流层云上的氯作为臭氧层空洞的原因所涉及的依赖温度的化学物质相一致。在接近18公里(70百帕)的较高高度，10月份臭氧的最大损失似乎在几个月的时间尺度上输送到对流层顶附近的较低水平，这可能会影响臭氧消耗对可能的对流层气候变化的影响的时间。这两个地点还显示，火山喷发后，平流层最低层的臭氧损失更大。Pinatubo说，支持火山扰动可以加强表面化学的观点，1990年代初观察到的非常深的臭氧空洞反映了这种加强。20世纪80年代初来自Syowa站的稀少数据也表明，El Chichon喷发导致的臭氧损失增加可能是导致可测量到的臭氧空洞开始的原因之一。在这两个地点的观测表明，现在一些臭氧消耗发生在接近12-14公里的较低海拔地区，即使不是全年，也很多。温度和臭氧之间的关系提供了对臭氧损失的新见解，包括其非线性特征、最大效率以及作为区分动态效应和化学过程的工具的实用性。这些数据还表明，最近臭氧的变化还没有表明臭氧的恢复与氯丰度的变化有关，但提供了新的工具来探索对第一次这样的未来信号的观测。
[1] Ozonesonde observations from Syowa and the South Pole over more than 40 years are described and intercompared. Observations from the two sites reveal remarkable agreement, supporting and extending the understanding gained from either individually. Both sites exhibit extensive Antarctic ozone losses in a relatively narrow altitude range from about 12 to 24 km in October, and the data are consistent with temperature-dependent chemistry involving chlorine on polar stratospheric clouds as the cause of the ozone hole. The maximum October ozone losses at higher altitudes near 18 km (70 hPa) appear to be transported to lower levels near the tropopause on a timescale of a few months, which is likely to affect the timing of the effects of ozone depletion on possible tropospheric climate changes. Both sites also show greater ozone losses in the lowermost stratosphere after the volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, supporting the view that surface chemistry can be enhanced by volcanic perturbations and that the very deep ozone holes observed in the early 1990s reflected such enhancements. Sparse data from the Syowa station in the early 1980s also suggest that enhanced ozone losses due to the El Chichon eruption may have contributed to the beginning of a measurable ozone hole. Observations at both locations show that some ozone depletion now occurs during much if not all year at lower altitudes near 12–14 km. Correlations between temperature and ozone provide new insights into ozone losses, including its nonlinear character, maximum effectiveness, and utility as a tool to distinguish dynamical effects from chemical processes. These data also show that recent changes in ozone do not yet indicate ozone recovery linked to changing chlorine abundances but provide new tools to probe observations for the first such future signals.