The functions of autophagy at the tumour-immune interface.

The functions of autophagy at the tumour-immune interface.
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自噬在肿瘤免疫界面的功能

DOI:
10.1111/jcmm.16331
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发表时间:
2021-03
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Chen Q
Chen Q
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Luo X;Qiu Y;Dinesh P;Gong W;Jiang L;Feng X;Li J;Jiang Y;Lei YL;Chen Q

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自噬通常在缺氧的肿瘤微环境中诱导。越来越多的证据揭示了自噬在肿瘤免疫界面的重要功能。在此,我们提出了一个更新的自噬在调节肿瘤免疫的作用。自噬促进已建立的肿瘤对自然杀伤细胞(NK)、巨噬细胞和效应T细胞的细胞毒性作用的适应性抗性。肿瘤中增加的自噬通量通过抑制STING I型干扰素信号传导(IFN-I)先天免疫感应途径的激活来抑制其免疫原性并抑制细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的扩增。抑制性肿瘤浸润免疫亚群中的自噬通过代谢重塑维持其存活。另一方面,自噬参与抗原加工和呈递过程,这对于抗肿瘤免疫应答至关重要。在某些模型中,自噬的基因缺失诱导自发性肿瘤。因此,自噬的作用是依赖于环境的。总之,我们的综述揭示了自噬在调节肿瘤免疫中的双重作用。广泛靶向自噬可能不会产生最大的益处。对调节肿瘤免疫原性的特定基因的表征和将自噬抑制剂靶向递送到某些肿瘤中的创新是使冷癌对免疫疗法敏感的最紧迫的任务之一。
Autophagy is frequently induced in the hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Accumulating evidence reveals important functions of autophagy at the tumour‐immune interface. Herein, we propose an update on the roles of autophagy in modulating tumour immunity. Autophagy promotes adaptive resistance of established tumours to the cytotoxic effects of natural killer cells (NKs), macrophages and effector T cells. Increased autophagic flux in tumours dampen their immunogenicity and inhibits the expansion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by suppressing the activation of STING type I interferon signalling (IFN‐I) innate immune sensing pathway. Autophagy in suppressive tumour‐infiltrating immune subsets maintains their survival through metabolic remodelling. On the other hand, autophagy is involved in the antigen processing and presentation process, which is essential for anti‐tumour immune responses. Genetic deletion of autophagy induces spontaneous tumours in some models. Thus, the role of autophagy is context‐dependent. In summary, our review has revealed the dichotomous roles of autophagy in modulating tumour immunity. Broad targeting of autophagy may not yield maximal benefits. The characterization of specific genes regulating tumour immunogenicity and innovation in targeted delivery of autophagy inhibitors into certain tumours are among the most urgent tasks to sensitize cold cancers to immunotherapy.
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