Spacing and nocturnal activity of wild boar Sus scrofa in a Mediterranean metropolitan park
Spacing and nocturnal activity of wild boar Sus scrofa in a Mediterranean metropolitan park
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DOI：
10.2981/wlb.2003.058
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Gràcia, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cahill, S;Llimona, F;Gràcia, J
西班牙东北部的科尔塞罗拉公园是一座占地 8,000 公顷的地中海森林公园，周围环绕着人口约 300 万的巴塞罗那大都市区。野猪在 Collserola 很常见，会造成特殊的管理问题。我们通过两种实地方法获得了公园不同区域的活动和栖息地利用信息：夜间徒步勘探非线性样带和定期监测标志调查地块。徒步路线探索提供了不同自然和半自然环境中夏季夜间活动的信息：进食活动主要发生在00:00-05:00，最大活动量发生在20:00-00:00和黎明时分。干燥山坡上野猪的摄食活动明显低于河岸林地、谷底和农业区等其他栖息地类型。不同栖息地的颗粒群密度差异显着，农业栖息地较高，河岸林地中等，树木繁茂的山坡最低。一般来说，平地上的颗粒群密度高于斜坡上的颗粒群密度。在所有调查期间，野猪扎根的平均表面积小于5%。生根活性以表生为主，冬季最高，夏季最低，此时生根土壤条件最差。生根活动在栖息地类型之间存在显着差异，并且在各个栖息地区域内观察到不同的季节模式。我们获得的结果支持了这样的观点，即夏季是地中海环境中野猪的关键时期，并强调了在这个季节确保某些稀缺栖息地用于觅食活动的重要性。
Collserola Park in northeastern Spain is an 8,000 ha Mediterranean forest park surrounded by the Barcelona metropolitan area with a population of some three million inhabitants. Wild boar Sus scrofa are common in Collserola and cause specific management problems. We obtained information on their activity and habitat use in different areas of the park by use of two field methods: prospecting of non-linear transects at night on foot and periodic monitoring of sign-survey plots. Prospecting of routes on foot provided information on summer nocturnal activity in different natural and semi-natural environments: feeding activity takes place mainly during 00:00-05:00, and the maximum amount of movements was registered during 20:00-00:00 and at dawn. Wild boar feeding activity was significantly lower on dry slopes than in other habitat types such as riparian woodland, valley bottoms and agricultural areas. Pellet-group density varied significantly between habitats, being higher in agricultural habitats, intermediate in riparian woodland and lowest on wooded slopes. In general, pellet-group density was higher on level ground than on slopes. The mean surface area rooted by wild boar was less than 5% in all survey periods. Rooting activity, which was dominated by surface rooting, was highest in winter and lowest in summer when soil conditions for rooting were poorest. Rooting activity varied significantly between habitat types, and distinct seasonal patterns were observed within individual habitat areas. The results we obtained support the view that the summer is a critical period for wild boar in Mediterranean environments and highlight the importance of ensuring certain scarce habitats for foraging activities during this season.