Mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. Distinct forms of reoviruses and their roles during replication in cells and host.
Mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. Distinct forms of reoviruses and their roles during replication in cells and host.
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DOI：
10.1172/jci115369
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发表时间：
1991-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Nibert;Dierdre Furlong;B. Fields
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Nibert;Dierdre Furlong;B. Fields
近年来，人们对病毒引起疾病的机制或病毒发病机制重新产生了兴趣。病毒发病机制的研究通常针对病毒对细胞和组织造成损伤的能力;然而，损伤是感染期间病毒与单细胞之间以及病毒与宿主生物体之间发生的许多基本相互作用的继发性后果。例如，病毒的嗜性，或其在宿主特定细胞内生长的能力，反映了其中的几种相互作用。因此，研究病毒感染的更基本方面对于理解病毒发病机制至关重要。我们从介绍动物病毒的复制和结构的一些一般概念开始这个观点。哺乳动物呼肠孤病毒的感染为表征病毒发病机制提供了有用的模型（在参考文献1和2中进行了综述）。哺乳动物呼肠孤病毒（简称呼肠孤病毒）是一种中等大小的无包膜病毒，其基因组由10段双链（ds）RNA组成。在人类中，呼肠孤病毒与任何比轻度肠道或呼吸道疾病更严重的疾病没有明确的联系，但在小鼠和大鼠中，它们引起许多涉及主要器官如大脑（3）和心脏（4）的疾病综合征。对呼肠孤病毒的研究表明，在多个层次的调查中获得的事实可以整合在试图了解病毒发病机制中（1，2）。在这一观点的主要部分，我们描述了呼肠孤病毒的结构如何与它们在细胞和宿主生物体中的复制策略相关，并讨论了呼肠孤病毒和其他动物病毒在这方面的一些相似之处。
Recent years have seen a resurgent interest in mechanisms by which viruses cause disease, or viral pathogenesis. Studies of viral pathogenesis often address the capacity of a virus to cause injuries to cells and tissues; yet, injuries are secondary consequences of many fundamental interactions that occur between virus and single cells, as well as between virus and host organism, during infection. For example the tropism of a virus, or its capacity to grow within particular cells in the host, reflects several of these interactions. Studies of more basic aspects of viral infection are therefore critical for understanding viral pathogenesis. Webegin this perspective by introducing some general concepts in regard to the replication and structure of animal viruses. Infections with mammalian reoviruses provide useful models for characterizing mechanisms of viral pathogenesis (reviewed in references 1 and 2). Mammalian reoviruses (reoviruses for short) are medium-sized nonenveloped viruses that have a genome consisting of 10 segments of double-stranded (ds)' RNA. In humans, reoviruses are not linked definitively with any disease more severe than a mild enteric or respiratory illness, but in mice and rats they cause a number of disease syndromes involving major organs like brain (3) and heart (4). Studies with reoviruses demonstrate that facts obtained at multiple levels of inquiry can be integrated in the attempt to understand viral pathogenesis (1, 2). In the major part ofthis perspective, we describe how the structure of reoviruses relates to their strategy for replication in cells and host organisms and discuss several similarities in this regard between reoviruses and other animal viruses.