Applications of microalgal biofilms for wastewater treatment and bioenergy production.
Applications of microalgal biofilms for wastewater treatment and bioenergy production.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13068-017-0798-9
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Mouradov A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miranda AF;Ramkumar N;Andriotis C;Höltkemeier T;Yasmin A;Rochfort S;Wlodkowic D;Morrison P;Roddick F;Spangenberg G;Lal B;Subudhi S;Mouradov A
与能源作物相比，微藻在生产生物燃料方面具有明显的优势。除了它们的高生长速率和大量的脂质/三酰甘油产量之外，微藻可以在废水（动物、市政和采矿废水）中生长，有效地去除它们的主要营养物（C、N和P）、重金属和微污染物，并且它们不与作物竞争耕地。然而，微藻用于生物燃料生产的工业应用的基本障碍仍然包括从水中去除藻类和从藻类中去除水的高成本，其可以占生物柴油生产总成本的高达30-40%。藻类生物膜作为一种浓缩微藻的策略越来越受欢迎，使收获/脱水更容易和更便宜。我们已经从淡水、咸水湖和海洋栖息地中分离出了一些天然微藻生物膜，并对其进行了表征。在结构上，这些生物膜代表单细胞和多细胞、光合和异养居民的复杂聚生体，例如蓝细菌、微藻、硅藻、细菌和真菌。生物膜#52用作生物能生产的原料。通过阴沟肠杆菌DT-1对其生物质进行暗发酵导致产生2.4mol H2/mol还原糖。通过促进选定的单个光合居民的生长，对生物膜#52中饱和、单饱和和多不饱和脂肪酸的水平和组成进行了有针对性的修改。从不同的生物膜中分离的光合组分用于定制设计用于（i）处理特定类型的废水，如反渗透浓缩物，（ii）具有新的不饱和度的总脂肪酸的组合物和（iii）商业微藻细胞的生物絮凝和浓缩的新型生物膜。用生物膜处理不同类型的废水显示，磷酸盐、氨、硝酸盐、硒和重金属等关键营养物质的浓度降低。这项多学科研究显示了天然生物膜的新潜力，它们的个体光合居民和组装的新藻类/蓝藻生物膜作为下一代生物能源原料，可以使用废水作为关键营养素的廉价来源。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s13068-017-0798-9）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Microalgae have shown clear advantages for the production of biofuels compared with energy crops. Apart from their high growth rates and substantial lipid/triacylglycerol yields, microalgae can grow in wastewaters (animal, municipal and mining wastewaters) efficiently removing their primary nutrients (C, N, and P), heavy metals and micropollutants, and they do not compete with crops for arable lands. However, fundamental barriers to the industrial application of microalgae for biofuel production still include high costs of removing the algae from the water and the water from the algae which can account for up to 30–40% of the total cost of biodiesel production. Algal biofilms are becoming increasingly popular as a strategy for the concentration of microalgae, making harvesting/dewatering easier and cheaper. We have isolated and characterized a number of natural microalgal biofilms from freshwater, saline lakes and marine habitats. Structurally, these biofilms represent complex consortia of unicellular and multicellular, photosynthetic and heterotrophic inhabitants, such as cyanobacteria, microalgae, diatoms, bacteria, and fungi. Biofilm #52 was used as feedstock for bioenergy production. Dark fermentation of its biomass by Enterobacter cloacae DT-1 led to the production of 2.4 mol of H2/mol of reduced sugar. The levels and compositions of saturated, monosaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in Biofilm #52 were target-wise modified through the promotion of the growth of selected individual photosynthetic inhabitants. Photosynthetic components isolated from different biofilms were used for tailoring of novel biofilms designed for (i) treatment of specific types of wastewaters, such as reverse osmosis concentrate, (ii) compositions of total fatty acids with a new degree of unsaturation and (iii) bio-flocculation and concentration of commercial microalgal cells. Treatment of different types of wastewaters with biofilms showed a reduction in the concentrations of key nutrients, such as phosphates, ammonia, nitrates, selenium and heavy metals. This multidisciplinary study showed the new potential of natural biofilms, their individual photosynthetic inhabitants and assembled new algal/cyanobacterial biofilms as the next generation of bioenergy feedstocks which can grow using wastewaters as a cheap source of key nutrients. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0798-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.