Connectivity: insights from the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1002/ecs2.3432

发表时间：

2021-05

期刊：

Ecosphere

影响因子：

2.7

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

环境科学与生态学2区

文献类型：

作者：

David M Iwaniec;Michael N. Gooseff;K. Suding;David Samuel Johnson;Daniel C. Reed;Debra PC Peters;Byron J. Adams;J. E. Barrett;Brandon T. Bestelmeyer;Max C. N. Castorani;E. Cook;Melissa J. Davidson;P. Groffman;Niall P. Hanan;L. Huenneke;Pieter T. J. Johnson;Diane M. McKnight;Robert J. Miller;G. Okin;Daniel L. Preston;A. Rassweiler;Chris Ray;Osvaldo E. Sala;R. Schooley;T. Seastedt;M. Spasojevic;E. Vivoni

美国各地的生态系统正在以复杂而令人惊讶的方式发生变化。对关键生态系统服务的持续需求需要了解这些生态系统中的人口和社区的未来。本文代表了美国国家科学基金会资助的长期生态研究（LTER）网络的综合努力，解决了“人口和社区”的核心研究领域。这项工作的目的是显示长期数据收集和实验的重要性，以解决科学生态学中最困难的问题，这些问题对环境政策和管理具有重大意义vwww.esajournals.org 1 May 2021 v Volume 12（5）v Article e03432影响。每个LTER站点至少开发了一个令人信服的案例研究，研究其站点在50-100年内可能会成为影响特定生态系统变化的人类和环境驱动因素。随着案例研究的准备，出现了五个主题，这些研究被分组为LTER Futures特辑中的论文，涉及状态变化，连通性，弹性，时滞和级联效应。本文讨论了“连通性”的主题，并从凤凰城（城市），尼沃特岭（高山苔原），麦克默多干谷（极地沙漠），梅岛（沿海），圣巴巴拉沿海（沿海），和Jornada（干旱草原和灌木林）网站的例子。连通性具有多个维度，从空间中的多标量相互作用到随时间变化的复杂相互作用，这些相互作用控制着物质的运输以及生物体的分布和移动。这里介绍的案例研究范围很广，显示了土地使用遗产如何与气候相互作用，改变干旱生态系统的结构和功能，以及南极极地沙漠、高山、城市和沿海海洋生态系统的资源和生物流动。长期的生态研究表明，在某些情况下，连通性可以维持宝贵的生态系统功能，例如基础物种及其相关生物多样性的持续存在，或者它可以成为状态变化的媒介，例如当它增加风和水侵蚀时。由于变暖而增加的连通性也可能导致物种范围的扩大或缩小以及引入不受欢迎的物种。持续的长期研究对于解决连通性的复杂性至关重要。LTER网络内生态系统的多样性是一个强大的平台，

Ecosystems across the United States are changing in complex and surprising ways. Ongoing demand for critical ecosystem services requires an understanding of the populations and communities in these ecosystems in the future. This paper represents a synthesis effort of the U.S. National Science Foundation-funded Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network addressing the core research area of “populations and communities.” The objective of this effort was to show the importance of long-term data collection and experiments for addressing the hardest questions in scientific ecology that have significant v www.esajournals.org 1 May 2021 v Volume 12(5) v Article e03432 implications for environmental policy and management. Each LTER site developed at least one compelling case study about what their site could look like in 50–100 yr as human and environmental drivers influencing specific ecosystems change. As the case studies were prepared, five themes emerged, and the studies were grouped into papers in this LTER Futures Special Feature addressing state change, connectivity, resilience, time lags, and cascading effects. This paper addresses the “connectivity” theme and has examples from the Phoenix (urban), Niwot Ridge (alpine tundra), McMurdo Dry Valleys (polar desert), Plum Island (coastal), Santa Barbara Coastal (coastal), and Jornada (arid grassland and shrubland) sites. Connectivity has multiple dimensions, ranging from multi-scalar interactions in space to complex interactions over time that govern the transport of materials and the distribution and movement of organisms. The case studies presented here range widely, showing how land-use legacies interact with climate to alter the structure and function of arid ecosystems and flows of resources and organisms in Antarctic polar desert, alpine, urban, and coastal marine ecosystems. Long-term ecological research demonstrates that connectivity can, in some circumstances, sustain valuable ecosystem functions, such as the persistence of foundation species and their associated biodiversity or, it can be an agent of state change, as when it increases wind and water erosion. Increased connectivity due to warming can also lead to species range expansions or contractions and the introduction of undesirable species. Continued long-term studies are essential for addressing the complexities of connectivity. The diversity of ecosystems within the LTER network is a strong platform for

Connectivity: insights from the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network

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