Cellular Mechanisms in Acupuncture Points and Affected Sites
Cellular Mechanisms in Acupuncture Points and Affected Sites
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4614-3357-6_2
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Schwarz;Q. Gu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Schwarz;Q. Gu
本研究的目的是阐明针灸的启动、传导和最终效应的机制。在本章中，本论文的第一部分主要介绍了本实验室在针刺镇痛中δ-阿片受体（δ-opioid receptor，DOR）相互作用的研究进展，并对针刺镇痛中δ-阿片受体的作用机制进行了初步探讨。与谷氨酸（EAAC 1）、γ-氨基丁酸（GAT 1）和钠泵（Na+，K+-ATP酶）的神经递质转运体有关。通过DOR的共表达降低转运蛋白的活性是由于与DOR的分子间相互作用。此外，EAAC 1响应于DOR激活而被刺激，而GAT 1被抑制。Na+，K+-ATP酶不受DOR激活的影响，但对DOR激动剂的敏感性高于钠泵。由于内啡肽的释放是对针刺的反应，这里所描述的影响可能有助于针刺引起的疼痛抑制。在第二部分中，我们将回顾药物对膜转运蛋白的影响的工作。针刺治疗哮喘大鼠后，亲环素A（CyPA）表达增加。其机制可能是CyPA通过抑制Na+、Ca 2+交换而解除气道平滑肌收缩。作为第2.1节中描述的中药提取物对转运体的影响的一个例子，我们将综述菖蒲提取物对EAAC 1功能的影响，表明α-细辛醚有效地抑制EAAC 1介导的电流，但刺激谷氨酸转运。结论：针刺的镇痛作用是公认的。我们认为，调制中枢神经突触活动可能涉及通过间接调制的神经递质转运体的活动内啡肽。膜转运蛋白也可能是中药药物和内源性针刺诱导“药物”的靶点。
The objective of our work is the elucidation of mechanisms underlying initiation, transmission and the final effects of acupuncture and moxibustion. In this chapter, we shall focus mainly on possible cellular events in tissue affected by Chinese medicine treatments using basically electrophysiological techniques combined with molecular biological and radioactive tracer techniques to measure activity of transmembrane transport.In the first part we will review work of our laboratory suggesting that acupuncture-induced pain suppression involves interaction of δ-opioid receptor (DOR) with the neurotransmitter transporters for glutamate (EAAC1), γ-amino butyric acid (GAT1) and the sodium pump (Na+, K+-ATPase). Reduced activity of the transporters by co-expression of DOR resulted from intermolecular interaction with DOR. In addition, EAAC1 became stimulated in response to DOR activation, while GAT1 became inhibited. The Na+, K+-ATPase was not affected by DOR activation, but higher sensitivity to DOR agonist was found in response to sodium pump stimulation. Since endorphins are released in response to acupuncture, the effects described here may contribute to acupuncture-induced pain suppression.In the second part we will review work on effects of drugs on membrane transporters. In treatment of asthmatic rats by acupuncture cyclophilin A (CyPA) becomes over-expressed. Release of airway smooth muscle contraction by CyPA-induced inhibition of Na+, Ca2+exchanger may be the underlying mechanism. As an example for effects of Chinese herb extracts on the transporters described in Sect. 2.1, we will review the effect ofAcorusextract on EAAC1 function showing that α-asarone effectively inhibits EAAC1-mediated current but stimulates glutamate transport. These effects may contribute to reduced excitatory activity supplementary to acupuncture.Conclusion: The generally accepted effect of acupuncture is pain relief. We suggest that modulation of central nervous synaptic activity may be involved through indirect modulation of the activity of neurotransmitter transporters by endorphins. Membrane transporters may also be the target for drugs of Chinese herbs and for endogenous acupuncture-induced “drugs.”