Present progress in the development of low friction coatings
Present progress in the development of low friction coatings
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DOI：
10.1016/0257-8972(95)02701-7
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发表时间：
1996-03
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
J. Hirvonen;J. Koskinen;J. Jervis;M. Nastasi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Hirvonen;J. Koskinen;J. Jervis;M. Nastasi
由于各种原因，正在开发低摩擦涂层。机器和机器元件必须运行的实际条件不断扩大，并且更经常地涉及排除液体或油脂润滑的特征。在日常生活中非常常见的这种情况的一个例子是食品加工行业，由于产品污染的风险，任何类型的润滑都是不可能的。一些其他条件包括恶劣的环境，如高温或真空。例如，在化学工业和发电中，高温是常见的，而真空往往与空间技术有关。开发低摩擦涂层的新动机是出于环境合规性的原因而减少润滑的总趋势。所有这些都对材料技术和表面工程提出了挑战。因此，近年来，在涂层材料、复杂沉积方法以及涂层后处理的开发领域中的活动一直很活跃。在本文中，我们首先回顾了典型的条件下，低摩擦涂层的要求，以及涂层应满足的性能，以适当的方式发挥作用。接下来是针对三种不同条件的三种不同涂层的更详细介绍。通过电弧放电沉积法沉积的非晶硬碳膜不含氢，具有高硬度，并且最好表征为非晶金刚石。该膜已被证明具有低于0.2或甚至低于0.1的摩擦系数在干滑动条件下与良好的耐磨性。这些膜可以使用的潜在条件是在室温和具有足够湿度的正常气氛下干燥滑动。将介绍的第二个涂层系列基于二硫化钼（MoS 2）。这些是用于真空中的典型涂层。已经进行了许多尝试来克服这些涂层与后处理的许多限制。本文介绍了离子束和激光处理MoS_2合金化和非合金化涂层。第三组条件包括高温。这是低摩擦涂层最困难的领域之一，并且还没有开发出用于实际目的的最终解决方案。
Low friction coatings are being developed for a variety of reasons. Practical conditions in which machines and machine elements have to operate are ever expanding and more often involve features which preclude liquid or grease lubrication. An example of such conditions very common in everyday life is the food-processing industry, where any kind of lubrication is impossible owing to the risk of contamination of a product. Some other conditions include hostile environments such as high temperature or vacuum. High temperatures are common, for example, in the chemical industry and power generation, whereas vacuum is often associated with space technology. A new motivation for development of low friction coatings is a general trend to reduce lubrication for reasons of environmental compliance. All these together challenge materials technology and surface engineering especially. Accordingly, activity in the area of the development of coating materials, sophisticated deposition methods as well as post treatments of coatings has been vigorous in recent years. In this paper we first review typical conditions in which low friction coatings are sought as well as the demands for properties which coatings should fulfil in order to function in an appropriate way. This is followed by a more detailed presentation of three different coatings for three different conditions. Amorphous hard carbon films deposited by arc discharge deposition are hydrogen free, have high hardness and are best characterized as an amorphous diamond. The films have been shown to possess a friction coefficient below 0.2 or even below 0.1 in dry-sliding conditions associated with good wear resistance. Potential conditions in which these films could be used are dry sliding at room temperature and in a normal atmosphere with adequate humidity. The second coating family which will be presented is based on molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). These are typical coatings for use in a vacuum. Many attempts have been made to overcome the many limitations of these coatings with post-treatments. In this presentation, ion beam and laser processing of MoS2coatings with or without alloying are dealt with. The third set of conditions includes high temperatures. This is one of the most difficult areas of low friction coatings and no final solutions for practical purposes have been developed.