On world-wide changes in cosmic-ray intensity
On world-wide changes in cosmic-ray intensity
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DOI：
10.1103/physrev.54.975
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发表时间：
1938-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Forbush, SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Forbush, SE
在美国切尔滕纳姆、墨西哥特洛尤坎、新西兰克赖斯特彻奇和秘鲁环卡约，康普顿-贝内特测量仪获得的连续17个月或更长时间的宇宙射线记录在每个观测站都被降低到恒定的大气压。从除环卡约以外的每个站的数据中扣除12个月的波后，四个站中任何两个站的宇宙线强度每三分之一个月的平均值之间都有很高的相关性(rė为0.90)。这种高度的相关性，基于每一对站的所有可用数据，是明确的证据，表明除了12个月的波动外，宇宙线强度的主要变化是世界范围的。根据因斯布鲁克附近哈菲勒卡上斯坦克仪器发布的数据，当用每个站点绝对强度的百分比表示时，世界范围内的变化被发现随着同一纬度的站点的海拔高度而迅速增加。在赤道和地磁北纬30度之间，对高海拔地区的全球影响有很大的增加，而在北纬47度之前不会有很大的增加。克赖斯特彻奇和切尔滕纳姆的结果表明，全球影响的大小关于赤道是对称的，并讨论了它与在某些磁暴期间观察到的影响的联系。12个月波的幅度在北半球接近1月中旬时达到最大值，从赤道的零增加到特奥洛尤坎的约1.0%，切尔滕纳姆的1.6%，哈菲莱卡的1.9%。在克赖斯特彻奇，它的最大值出现在7月底，其幅度约占总强度的0.8%。因此，12个月的波动似乎不能归因于太阳磁矩。
Continuous cosmic-ray records for periods of 17 months or more obtained by Compton-Bennett meters at Cheltenham (United States), Teoloyucan (Mexico), Christchurch (New Zealand), and Huancayo (Peru) are reduced to a constant barometric pressure at each station. After deducting a 12-month wave from the data at each of these stations except at Huancayo, where none is found, a high correlation (r ė 0.90) is obtained between the means of cosmic-ray intensity for each one-third month for any two of the four stations. This high correlation, based on all available data for each pair of stations, is definite evidence that, except for the 12-month waves, the major changes in cosmic-ray intensity are world-wide. With published data from a Steinke instrument on the Hafelekar, near Innsbruck, the world-wide changes, when expressed in percent of the absolute intensity at each station, are found to increase rapidly with altitude for stations at the same latitude. A large increase in the world-wide effect for stations at high altitudes occurs between the equator and geomagnetic latitude 30 north, while no further very large increase occurs up to latitude 47 north. Results for Christchurch and Cheltenham indicate that the magnitude of the world-wide effect is symmetrical about the equator, and its connection with effects observed during certain magnetic storms is discussed. The amplitude of the 12-month wave, which in the Northern Hemisphere has its maximum near mid-January, increases from zero at the equator to about 1.0 percent at Teoloyucan, 1.6 percent at Cheltenham, and 1.9 percent on the Hafelekar. At Christchurch, its maximum occurs near the end of July, its amplitude being about 0.8 percent of the total intensity. Accordingly, it seems that the 12-month wave may not be ascribed to a solar-magnetic moment.