The TEMPO Survey. I. Predicting Yields of Transiting Exosatellites, Moons, and Planets from a 30 days Survey of Orion with the Roman Space Telescope
The TEMPO Survey. I. Predicting Yields of Transiting Exosatellites, Moons, and Planets from a 30 days Survey of Orion with the Roman Space Telescope
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DOI：
10.1088/1538-3873/acafa4
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
M. Limbach;M. Soares-Furtado;A. Vanderburg;W. Best;A. Cody;E. D’Onghia;R. Heller;B. Hensley;M. Kounkel;A. Kraus;A. Mann;M. Robberto;A. Rosen;R. Townsend;J. Vos
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作者：
M. Limbach;M. Soares-Furtado;A. Vanderburg;W. Best;A. Cody;E. D’Onghia;R. Heller;B. Hensley;M. Kounkel;A. Kraus;A. Mann;M. Robberto;A. Rosen;R. Townsend;J. Vos
我们介绍了使用南希·格雷斯·罗马太空望远镜进行的猎户座凌日卫星、卫星和行星(TEMPO)调查的设计考虑因素。这项拟议的30天调查旨在探测猎户座星云星团(ONC)中凌日的太阳系外卫星、卫星和行星的数量。年轻的(1-3英里)，人口稠密的北卡罗来纳州拥有大约1000颗明亮的棕矮星(BD)和自由漂浮的行星质量天体(FFP)。Tempo为凌日卫星提供了足够的光度精度来监测M>；1 M J的FFP。该调查还能够通过直接成像探测到低至土星质量以下的FFP，尽管后续确认将是具有挑战性的。TEMPO产量估计包括14(3-22)颗过境FFP的外卫星/卫星和54(8-100)颗过境BDS的卫星。在这一群体中，大约50%的同伴将是“超级泰坦”(泰坦与地球质量之比)。产额估计还包括大约150颗凌日年轻猎户座恒星的系外行星，其中50%将围绕中晚期M矮星运行。TEMPO将首次提供围绕FFP和BDS运行的小型系外行星的人口统计数据，同时提供对系外行星最早阶段演化的洞察。这一探测到的系外行星群体很可能与目前对具有类似质量的系外行星(例如，仍具有H/He包层的地球质量系外行星)的普查有很大不同。尽管我们的产额估计高度不确定，因为没有已知的类似于这些卫星的系外行星或系外行星，但TEMPO调查将检验主要的系外卫星形成和演化理论，这些理论限制了围绕探测产额的确定性。
We present design considerations for the Transiting Exosatellites, Moons, and Planets in Orion (TEMPO) Survey with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. This proposed 30 days survey is designed to detect a population of transiting extrasolar satellites, moons, and planets in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). The young (1–3 Myr), densely populated ONC harbors about a thousand bright brown dwarfs (BDs) and free-floating planetary-mass objects (FFPs). TEMPO offers sufficient photometric precision to monitor FFPs with M >1 M J for transiting satellites. The survey is also capable of detecting FFPs down to sub-Saturn masses via direct imaging, although follow-up confirmation will be challenging. TEMPO yield estimates include 14 (3–22) exomoons/satellites transiting FFPs and 54 (8–100) satellites transiting BDs. Of this population, approximately 50% of companions would be “super-Titans” (Titan to Earth mass). Yield estimates also include approximately 150 exoplanets transiting young Orion stars, of which >50% will orbit mid-to-late M dwarfs. TEMPO would provide the first census demographics of small exosatellites orbiting FFPs and BDs, while simultaneously offering insights into exoplanet evolution at the earliest stages. This detected exosatellite population is likely to be markedly different from the current census of exoplanets with similar masses (e.g., Earth-mass exosatellites that still possess H/He envelopes). Although our yield estimates are highly uncertain, as there are no known exoplanets or exomoons analogous to these satellites, the TEMPO survey would test the prevailing theories of exosatellite formation and evolution, which limit the certainty surrounding detection yields.