Ancillary human health benefits of improved air quality resulting from climate change mitigation.
Ancillary human health benefits of improved air quality resulting from climate change mitigation.
复制标题
辅助人类健康对缓解气候变化导致的空气质量改善的好处。
DOI：
10.1186/1476-069x-7-41
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发表时间：
2008-07-31
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Thurston GD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bell ML;Davis DL;Cifuentes LA;Krupnick AJ;Morgenstern RD;Thurston GD
温室气体（GHG）减缓政策可在短期内改善空气质量和相关的健康效益方面提供辅助效益。一些研究分析了温室气体政策对各种地点、污染物和政策的辅助影响。在本文中，我们回顾了各种温室气体战略中与空气污染相关的辅助健康益处的现有证据，并为这种分析提供了一个框架。我们评估了在这类研究的不同阶段使用的技术，以估计：(1)空气污染物浓度的变化；(2)避免不良健康终点；(3)健康后果的经济评价。考察了各种方法的局限性和优点。最后，对相关学科的辅助效益分析和相关研究空白提出了建议。我们发现，到目前为止，大多数评估都将分析更多地集中在框架的一个方面（例如，经济分析）。虽然对各种政策和区域采用了各种各样的方法，但多项研究的结果提供了强有力的证据，表明与温室气体减缓战略有关的附带效益的短期公共卫生和经济效益是巨大的。此外，这些分析的结果可能被低估，因为有许多重要的未量化的健康和经济终点。其余的挑战包括按成分或来源综合了解颗粒物质的相对毒性，更好地估计对选定亚群体的公共健康和环境影响，以及设计新的方法来评估迄今为止未量化和未货币化的效益。
Greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation policies can provide ancillary benefits in terms of short-term improvements in air quality and associated health benefits. Several studies have analyzed the ancillary impacts of GHG policies for a variety of locations, pollutants, and policies. In this paper we review the existing evidence on ancillary health benefits relating to air pollution from various GHG strategies and provide a framework for such analysis. We evaluate techniques used in different stages of such research for estimation of: (1) changes in air pollutant concentrations; (2) avoided adverse health endpoints; and (3) economic valuation of health consequences. The limitations and merits of various methods are examined. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for ancillary benefits analysis and related research gaps in the relevant disciplines. We found that to date most assessments have focused their analysis more heavily on one aspect of the framework (e.g., economic analysis). While a wide range of methods was applied to various policies and regions, results from multiple studies provide strong evidence that the short-term public health and economic benefits of ancillary benefits related to GHG mitigation strategies are substantial. Further, results of these analyses are likely to be underestimates because there are a number of important unquantified health and economic endpoints. Remaining challenges include integrating the understanding of the relative toxicity of particulate matter by components or sources, developing better estimates of public health and environmental impacts on selected sub-populations, and devising new methods for evaluating heretofore unquantified and non-monetized benefits.