Sex and laterality differences in parkinsonian impairment and transcranial ultrasound in never-treated schizophrenics and their first degree relatives in an Andean population.
Sex and laterality differences in parkinsonian impairment and transcranial ultrasound in never-treated schizophrenics and their first degree relatives in an Andean population.
复制标题
安第斯人群中从未接受治疗的精神分裂症患者及其一级亲属的帕金森病损伤和经颅超声的性别和侧向差异。
DOI：
10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.035
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
deErausquin,GabrielA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kamis,Danielle;Stratton,Lee;Calvó,María;Padilla,Eduardo;Florenzano,Néstor;Guerrero,Gonzalo;MolinaRangeon,Beatriz;Molina,Juan;deErausquin,GabrielA
我们测试了这样的假设：有精神分裂症风险的受试者中黑质神经元的丧失 (1)，如中脑高回声性 (2) 和帕金森运动障碍 (3) 所反映的那样，是不对称的，并且受性别影响。我们评估了 62 名从未治疗过的慢性精神分裂症受试者、80 名未受影响的成年一级亲属和 62 名健康对照（按性别和年龄与病例相匹配），他们是阿根廷北部安第斯人群的一部分。由 2 名独立评估者使用 UPDRS-3（统一帕金森病评定量表）通过录像检查对帕金森症进行盲法评分。经颅超声检查由超声检查专家通过颞骨窗对受试者状况不知情，使用 2.5 MHz 换能器进行。由不同的评估者对保存的图像进行回声区域的量化。我们发现患者、其亲属以及对照组之间的帕金森运动障碍存在显着差异。所有三组患者的左侧帕金森症均比右侧更严重，这与右侧黑质回声增强相对应。女性的右侧回声明显高于男性，患者和未患病亲属的回声明显高于对照组。左侧，只有女性患者有明显的回声。我们的数据支持这样一种观点，即精神分裂症患者未受影响的亲属帕金森症和伴随的脑干异常有所增加，这可能代表了对这种疾病的脆弱性。运动异常和脑干异常都是不对称的，并且受到性别的影响。
We tested the hypothesis that loss of substantia nigra neurons in subjects at risk of schizophrenia (1), as reflected by midbrain hyperechogenicity (2) and parkinsonian motor impairment (3), is asymmetric and influenced by sex. We evaluated 62 subjects with never-treated chronic schizophrenia, 80 of their adult, unaffected first degree relatives and 62 healthy controls (matched by sex and age to the cases), part of an Andean population of Northern Argentina. Parkinsonism was scored blindly using UPDRS-3 (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) on videotaped exams by 2 independent raters. Transcranial ultrasound was performed by an expert sonographist blind to subject condition with a 2.5 MHz transducer through a temporal bone window. Quantification of echogenic area was carried out on saved images by a different evaluator. We found a significant difference in parkinsonian motor impairment between patients, their relatives as well as controls. All three groups showed worse parkinsonism on the left side than the right, corresponding with increased echogenicity on the right substantia nigra compared with the left. Females had significantly more right echogenicity than males, and patients and unaffected relatives were significantly more echogenic than controls on that side. On the left, only female patients had significant echogenicity. Our data supports the notion that unaffected relatives of schizophrenic subjects have increased parkinsonism and concomitant brainstem abnormalities which may represent a vulnerability to the disease. Both motor and brainstem abnormalities are asymmetric and influenced by sex.