Primitive reptiles. A review
Primitive reptiles. A review
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原始爬行动物。
DOI：
10.1002/jmor.1050230404
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发表时间：
1912
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
S. Williston
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Williston
现在似乎确凿的证据表明。到目前为止被称为二叠纪的广泛的美洲爬行动物动物群位于宾夕法尼亚上统的一部分，处于下二叠纪的一部分，因此是已知的最古老的。在世界其他地方，只有为数不多的已知物种被认为是相同或大致相同的年龄，主要的，如果不是唯一的，是来自巴西的圣凯瑟琳娜系统的立体龙和中龙，后者也来自南非的上德维卡。从南非的上覆岩层中发现，无疑是下二叠世，但已知有一两种爬行动物，始祖龙和巨龙，至少是前者的布鲁姆提到的恐头类群。在非洲上层和下层的Beaufort床上，已知有许多爬行动物属，称为Cotylosauria和Tresida。由于这些属中的一些与在俄罗斯发现的那些属有密切的亲缘关系或同一性，它们无疑都应该被认为是上二叠统的，有别于下二叠统。从德国和法国的Rothliegende发现，下二叠世的爬行动物有以下几个属：Styanospondy lus、Phanerosaurus、Datheosaurus、Sterorhachim、Kadaliosaurus、Callibrachion、Aphelosaurus和Paleohateria(Haptodus)。在下面的讨论中不考虑始祖龙和埃卡斯龙，本论文将只讨论石炭纪和下二叠纪爬行动物，包括
The evidence seems now conclusive that th. e extensive American reptilian fauna hitherto called Permian is in part of upper Pennsylvanian, in part of lower Permian age, and, therefore, is the oldest known. From other parts of the world there are only a few known forms supposed to be of equivalent, or approximately equivalent, age, the chief of which, if not the only ones, are Stereosternum and Mesosaurus from the Santa Catherina System of Brazil, the latter genus also from the upper Dwyka of South Africa. From immediately superjacent beds in South Africa, doubtless of lower Permian age, but one or two reptiles are known, Archaeosuchus and Eccasaurus, referred by Broom, the former at least, to the dinocephalian group of the Therapsida. From the Beaufort beds, upper and lower, of Africa, numerous genera of reptiles are known, referred to the Cotylosauria and Therapsida. Because of the close affinity or identity of some of'these genera with those found in Russia, they doubtless should all be considered of upper Permian age, as distinguished from lower Permian. From the Rothliegende of Germany and France, of lower Permian age, the following genera of reptiles are known: Stephanospondy lus, Phanerosaurus, Datheosaurus, Stereorhachis, Kadaliosaurus, Callibrachion, Aphelosaurus, and Paleohatteria (Haptodus). Leaving Archaeosuchus and Eccasaurus out of account in the following discussion, the present paper will deal with the carboniferous and lower Permian reptiles only, including