Tumor-targeted RNA-interference: functional non-viral nanovectors.
Tumor-targeted RNA-interference: functional non-viral nanovectors.
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发表时间：
2011-09
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Xinghua Pan;R. Thompson;Xiaojie Meng;Daocheng Wu;Liang Xu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xinghua Pan;R. Thompson;Xiaojie Meng;Daocheng Wu;Liang Xu
尽管小干扰RNA（siRNA）和微小RNA（miRNA）已经引起了广泛的关注，并且在人类癌症的研究、诊断和治疗中显示出显著的前景，但是将siRNA或miRNA特异性地和有效地递送到体内肿瘤细胞中仍然是一个巨大的挑战。递送障碍主要来自与人体复杂的理化微环境和RNA的独特性质相关的给药途径，阻碍了基于RNA干扰（RNAi）的治疗方法在临床实践中的发展。然而，在现有的递送系统中，基于非病毒纳米颗粒的基因/RNA递送载体或纳米载体显示出强大的递送能力和改进功能性纳米材料的巨大潜力，包括将大大提高递送性能的新型制造方法。本文综述了目前公认的RNAi传递障碍以及与载体特性相关的抗障碍要求。最近的努力和成就，在开发新的纳米材料，纳米载体的制造方法和交付方式进行了讨论。我们还审查了材料合成和组装，多功能组合，适当的交付和辅助方法，需要更深入的调查，全面和有效的非病毒纳米载体的RNAi交付领域的突出需求。
While small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) have attracted extensive attention and showed significant promise for the study, diagnosis and treatment of human cancers, delivering siRNA or miRNA specifically and efficiently into tumor cells in vivo remains a great challenge. Delivery barriers, which arise mainly from the routes of administration associated with complex physiochemical microenvironments of the human body and the unique properties of RNAs, hinder the development of RNA-interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics in clinical practice. However, in available delivery systems, non-viral nanoparticle-based gene/RNA-delivery vectors, or nanovectors, are showing powerful delivery capacities and huge potential for improvements in functional nanomaterials, including novel fabrication approaches which would greatly enhance delivery performance. In this review, we summarize the currently recognized RNAi delivery barriers and the anti-barrier requirements related to vectors' properties. Recent efforts and achievements in the development of novel nanomaterials, nanovectors fabrication methods, and delivery approaches are discussed. We also review the outstanding needs in the areas of material synthesis and assembly, multifunction combinations, proper delivery and assisting approaches that require more intensive investigation for the comprehensive and effective delivery of RNAi by non-viral nanovectors.