Characterization of PAHs and metals in indoor/outdoor PM10/PM2.5/PM1 in a retirement home and a school dormitory
Characterization of PAHs and metals in indoor/outdoor PM10/PM2.5/PM1 in a retirement home and a school dormitory
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.001
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发表时间：
2015-09-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Yunesian, Masud
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh;Naddafi, Kazem;Yunesian, Masud
在本研究中，我们调查了2012年5月至2013年5月在德黑兰一家养老院和一所学校宿舍室内/室外PM10、PM2.5和PM1中多环芳烃（PAHs）和金属（类）s的特征。结果表明，室内和室外PM10和PM2.5的年水平远远高于世界卫生组织（WHO）发布的指导方针。PM中检测到最多的金属（样态）是Si、Fe、Zn、Al和Pb。我们发现，在PM的较小尺寸部分中，金属（样蛋白）的百分比较高。与PM结合的总多环芳烃（PAHs）主要存在于PM2.5中（83-88%），可深入肺部肺泡区。总体上，致癌性PAHs占总PAHs浓度的40-47%；此外，颗粒尺寸越小，致癌性多环芳烃的百分比越高。PM2.5质量中微量金属（样物质）和致癌物多环芳烃的百分比几乎是PM10的两倍。这很可能是PM2.5比PM10对健康造成更大不利影响的原因。室内和室外的平均BaP当量致癌物（BaP- teq）水平大大超过了BaP的最大允许风险水平1 ng/m(3)。富集因子和诊断比值表明，与燃烧相关的人为源，如汽油和柴油汽车以及天然气燃烧，是PM结合的多环芳烃和痕量金属（loid） s的主要来源。(C) 2015 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
In the present work, we investigated the characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal(loid)s in indoor/outdoor PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in a retirement home and a school dormitory in Tehran from May 2012 to May 2013. The results indicated that the annual levels of indoor and outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 were much higher than the guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO). The most abundant detected metal(loid) s in PM were Si, Fe, Zn, Al, and Pb. We found higher percentages of metal(loid) s in smaller size fractions of PM. Additionally, the results showed that the total PAHs (PAHs) bound to PM were predominantly (83-88%) found in PM2.5, which can penetrate deep into the alveolar regions of the lungs. In general, carcinogenic PAHs accounted for 40-47% of the total PAHs concentrations; furthermore, the smaller the particle size, the higher the percentage of carcinogenic PAHs. The percentages of trace metal(loid) s and carcinogenic PAHs in PM2.5 mass were almost twice as high as those in PM10. This can most likely be responsible for the fact that PM2.5 can cause more adverse health effects than PM10 can. The average BaP-equivalent carcinogenic (BaP-TEQ) levels both indoors and outdoors considerably exceeded the maximum permissible risk level of 1 ng/m(3) of BaP. The enrichment factors and diagnostic ratios indicated that combustion-related anthropogenic sources, such as gasoline-and diesel-fueled vehicles as well as natural gas combustion, were the major sources of PAHs and trace metal(loid) s bound to PM. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.