Cancer risks from arsenic in drinking water.
Cancer risks from arsenic in drinking water.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.9297259
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发表时间：
1992-07
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Smith MT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith AH;Hopenhayn-Rich C;Bates MN;Goeden HM;Hertz-Picciotto I;Duggan HM;Wood R;Kosnett MJ;Smith MT
众所周知，从供水和药物制剂中摄取砷会导致皮肤癌。这里评估的证据表明，砷还会导致肝癌、肺癌、肾癌和膀胱癌，美国供水中的砷造成的人口癌症风险可能与家庭中环境烟草烟雾和氡的风险相当。在台湾井水中砷含量较高(170-800微克/L)的地区进行了大规模人口研究，以建立致癌风险与供水中自然存在的无机砷浓度之间的剂量-反应关系。据估计，按照目前环保局50微克/L的标准，因饮用1 L/天的水而死于肝癌、肺癌、肾癌或膀胱癌的终身风险可能高达每1000人中有13人。据估计，美国可能有超过35万人获得砷含量超过50微克/L的水，250多万人可能获得超过25微克/L的水。对于美国的平均砷水平和用水模式，风险估计约为千分之一。虽然还需要进一步的研究来证实这些发现，但应该考虑采取措施降低供水中的砷水平。
Ingestion of arsenic, both from water supplies and medicinal preparations, is known to cause skin cancer. The evidence assessed here indicates that arsenic can also cause liver, lung, kidney, and bladder cancer and that the population cancer risks due to arsenic in U.S. water supplies may be comparable to those from environmental tobacco smoke and radon in homes. Large population studies in an area of Taiwan with high arsenic levels in well water (170-800 micrograms/L) were used to establish dose-response relationships between cancer risks and the concentration of inorganic arsenic naturally present in water supplies. It was estimated that at the current EPA standard of 50 micrograms/L, the lifetime risk of dying from cancer of the liver, lung, kidney, or bladder from drinking 1 L/day of water could be as high as 13 per 1000 persons. It has been estimated that more than 350,000 people in the United States may be supplied with water containing more than 50 micrograms/L arsenic, and more than 2.5 million people may be supplied with water with levels above 25 micrograms/L. For average arsenic levels and water consumption patterns in the United States, the risk estimate was around 1/1000. Although further research is needed to validate these findings, measures to reduce arsenic levels in water supplies should be considered.