Midday napping in children: associations between nap frequency and duration across cognitive, positive psychological well-being, behavioral, and metabolic health outcomes
Midday napping in children: associations between nap frequency and duration across cognitive, positive psychological well-being, behavioral, and metabolic health outcomes
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DOI：
10.1093/sleep/zsz126
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Mednick, Sara C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Jianghong;Feng, Rui;Mednick, Sara C.
研究目的：儿童和青少年睡眠不良和白天嗜睡对健康的各个方面都有短期和长期的影响。午休可能是减少这种负面影响的一个有用的策略。习惯性午睡的认知，行为，心理和代谢outcomes.Methods广泛的影响还没有被系统地调查：本研究的特点是在中国金坛队列研究的3819名小学生午睡的习惯。2011年，每周午睡频率和平均持续时间从4-6年级的学生中收集了一次。在他们完成小学六年级之前（2011-2013年，每个年级），收集了一次以下结果：教师评估的行为和学业成绩，以及自我报告的积极心理学指标，包括毅力，自我控制和幸福感。对一个亚组进行了智商测试。通过体格检查测量代谢指标，包括体重指数和空腹血糖浓度。对于整个样本，我们评估了午睡和每个结果之间的关联，调整了性别，年级，学校位置，父母教育和晚上睡觉的时间。我们还进行了分层分析6级（横截面），4级（2年的差距），5级（1年的差距）data.Results：总体而言，午睡显着相关的更高的幸福感，砂砾，和自我控制，减少内化行为问题，更高的语言智商，更好的学业成绩，虽然具体的模式不同的频率和持续时间为不同的结果。更有限的显着协会被发现减少外化行为问题，相比非午睡者，而没有显着的协会被发现的性能IQ和代谢outcomes.Conclusions：结果表明，在广泛的青少年的结果，包括更好的认知，更好的心理健康，减少情绪/行为问题，定期午睡的好处。目前的研究强调需要进一步的大规模干预研究，以建立因果关系。
Study Objectives: Poor sleep and daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents have short- and long-term consequences on various aspects of health. Midday napping may be a useful strategy to reduce such negative impacts. The effect of habitual napping on a wide spectrum of cognitive, behavioral, psychological, and metabolic outcomes has not been systematically investigated.Methods: This study characterized midday napping habits in 3819 elementary school children from the China Jintan Cohort Study. In 2011, weekly nap frequency and average duration were collected once from students at grades 4-6. Prior to their completion of elementary school at grade 6 (in 2011-2013 respective to each grade), the following outcomes were collected once: behavioral and academic achievement evaluated by teachers, and self-reported positive psychology measures including grit, self-control, and happiness. IQ tests were conducted on a subgroup. Metabolic indices, including body mass index and fasting glucose concentration, were measured through physical exams. For the whole sample, we assessed associations between napping and each outcome, adjusted for sex, grade, school location, parental education, and time in bed at night. We also conducted stratified analyses on grade 6 (cross-sectional), grade 4 (2-year gap), and grade 5 (1-year gap) data.Results: Overall, napping was significantly associated with higher happiness, grit, and self-control, reduced internalizing behavior problem, higher verbal IQs, and better academic achievement, although specific patterns varied across frequency and duration for different outcomes. More limited significant associations were found for decreased externalizing behavior problems, compared to non-nappers, while no significant associations were found for performance IQ and metabolic outcomes.Conclusions: Results indicate benefits of regular napping across a wide range of adolescent outcomes, including better cognition, better psychological wellness, and reduced emotional/behavioral problems. The current study underscores the need for further large-scale intervention studies to establish causal effects.