Fast times and easy questions: The effects of age, experience and question complexity on web survey response times
Fast times and easy questions: The effects of age, experience and question complexity on web survey response times
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DOI：
10.1002/acp.1331
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Tourangeau, Roger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yan, Ting;Tourangeau, Roger
本文研究了调查问题的响应时间 (RT)。认知心理学家长期以来一直依靠反应时间来研究认知过程，但反应时间数据最近才受到调查研究人员的关注。迄今为止，大多数关于调查中响应时间的研究都将响应时间视为预测因子或作为更感兴趣的其他一些变量（例如态度可及性）的代理度量。因此，响应时间并不是研究的主要焦点。本文重点关注响应时间的性质和决定因素，研究了影响受访者在网络调查中回答问题所需时间的变量。使用 Tourangeau、Rips 和 Rasinski（2000）提出的调查响应模型，我们在两级交叉分类模型中包含了被认为影响响应时间的项目级特征和受访者级特征。处理问题的大部分时间都涉及阅读和解释它们。交叉分类模型的结果表明，响应时间受到问题特征的影响，例如可能反映阅读时间的子句总数和每个子句的字数。此外，答复时间还受到答案类别的数量和类型、问题在调查问卷中的位置以及受访者特征（例如年龄、教育程度、互联网和完成网络调查的经验）的影响。除了对响应时间的固定影响之外，受访者级别特征（例如年龄）会随着问题的不同而随机变化，并且问题级别特征（例如问题类型和回答量表）的影响也会随着受访者的不同而随机变化。版权所有 (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This paper examines response times (RT) to survey questions. Cognitive psychologists have long relied on response times to study cognitive processes but response time data have only recently received attention from survey researchers. To date, most of the studies on response times in surveys have treated response times either as a predictor or as a proxy measure for some other variable (e.g. attitude accessibility) of greater interest. As a result, response times have not been the main focus of the research. Focusing on the nature and determinants of response times, this paper examines variables that affect how long it takes respondents to answer questions in web surveys. Using the survey response model proposed by Tourangeau, Rips, and Rasinski (2000), we include both item-level characteristics and respondent-level characteristics thought to affect response times in a two-level cross-classified model. Much of the time spent on processing the questions involves reading and interpreting them. The results from the cross-classified models indicate that response times are affected by question characteristics such as the total number of clauses and the number of words per clause that probably reflect reading times. In addition, response times are also affected by the number and type of answer categories, and the location of the question within the questionnaire, as well as respondent characteristics such as age, education and experience with the Internet and with completing web surveys. Aside from their fixed effects on response times, respondent-level characteristics (such as age) are shown to vary randomly over questions and effects of question-level characteristics (such as types of questions and response scales) vary randomly over respondents. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.