Risk assessment of pesticide runoff from turf
Risk assessment of pesticide runoff from turf
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DOI：
10.2134/jeq2003.0447
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Rossi, FS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haith, DA;Rossi, FS
采用TurfPQ模型对15种常用农药在匍匐翦股颖（AgrostisstoloniferaL.）高尔夫球场的球道和果岭。模拟产生了100年的水径流，农药径流和农药浓度在径流的三个地点：波士顿，MA，每日记录。宾夕法尼亚州费城和纽约州罗切斯特。结果总结为年度和月度平均值和年度最大日负荷（AMDLs），对应于10年和20年的重现期。年平均农药径流量不超过任何农药或网站的年度应用程序的3%，大多数损失大大低于应用程序的1%。然而，百菌清，异菌脲的年或月平均浓度;和PCNB在航道径流往往超过浓度，导致50%的受影响物种的死亡率。在极端事件中（10年1次或20年1次），嘧菌酯、苯磺内酯、氟氯氰菊酯和敌百虫的浓度通常接近或超过LC 50水平。氟虫酰肼、代森锰锌、甲氯磷、恶草酮、丙环唑、甲基托布津、三唑酮和抗倒酯的浓度远低于半数致死浓度，这些化学品的草坪径流似乎不会对地表沃茨的水生生物造成危害。
The TurfPQ model was used to simulate the runoff of 15 pesticides commonly applied to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) fairways and greens on golf courses in the northeastern USA. Simulations produced 100-yr daily records of water runoff, pesticide runoff, and pesticide concentration in runoff for three locations: Boston, MA,. Philadelphia, PA, and Rochester; NY. Results were summarized as annual and monthly means and annual maximum daily, loads (AMDLs) corresponding to 10- and 20-yr return periods. Mean annual pesticide runoff loads did not exceed 3% of annual applications for any pesticide or site, and most losses were substantially less than 1% of application. However, annual or monthly mean concentrations of chlorothalonil, iprodione; and PCNB in fairway runoff often exceeded concentrations that-result in 50% mortality of the affected species. (LC50) for-aquatic organisms Concentrations of azoxystrobin, bensulide, cyfluthrin, and trichlorfon in extreme (1 in 10 yr or 1 in 20 yr) events often approached or exceeded LC50 levels. Concentrations of halofenozide, mancozeb, MCPP, oxadiazon, propiconazole, thiophanate-methyl, triadimefon, and trinexapac-ethyl were well below LC50 levels, and turf run-off of these chemicals does not appear to be hazardous to aquatic life in surface waters.