Redox Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Cell Migration and Adhesion: On the Way to a Spatiotemporal View.

Redox Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Cell Migration and Adhesion: On the Way to a Spatiotemporal View.
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DOI:
10.3389/fcell.2020.618261
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
Samstag Y
Samstag Y
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Balta E;Kramer J;Samstag Y

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真核细胞的肌动蛋白细胞骨架是一个动态的纤维网络,由肌动蛋白结合蛋白(ABPs)的协同作用调节。特别是,细胞在响应内部和外部刺激时的快速极化是细胞迁移和入侵的基础。不同组织中ABPs的不同亚型使细胞具有不同程度的迁移和粘附能力。此外,通过翻译后修饰(PTM)调节ABPs对细胞的快速反应至关重要。在此背景下,ABPs的磷酸化及其功能后果已被广泛研究。然而,对肌动蛋白、ABPs、粘附分子和调节肌动蛋白细胞骨架动力学的信号蛋白的氧化敏感半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸残基的还原/氧化(氧化还原)修饰的研究直到最近才成为一个领域。这种蛋白质氧化与细胞生理学和病理生理学的相关性在很大程度上仍然难以捉摸。重要的是,研究蛋白质氧化的时空可以为细胞功能的局部氧化还原调节提供新的见解。在这篇综述中,我们关注肌动蛋白细胞骨架的氧化还原调节,它的挑战,以及最近开发的工具来研究它的生理和病理生理后果。
The actin cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells is a dynamic, fibrous network that is regulated by the concerted action of actin-binding proteins (ABPs). In particular, rapid polarization of cells in response to internal and external stimuli is fundamental to cell migration and invasion. Various isoforms of ABPs in different tissues equip cells with variable degrees of migratory and adhesive capacities. In addition, regulation of ABPs by posttranslational modifications (PTM) is pivotal to the rapid responsiveness of cells. In this context, phosphorylation of ABPs and its functional consequences have been studied extensively. However, the study of reduction/oxidation (redox) modifications of oxidation-sensitive cysteine and methionine residues of actin, ABPs, adhesion molecules, and signaling proteins regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics has only recently emerged as a field. The relevance of such protein oxidations to cellular physiology and pathophysiology has remained largely elusive. Importantly, studying protein oxidation spatiotemporally can provide novel insights into localized redox regulation of cellular functions. In this review, we focus on the redox regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, its challenges, and recently developed tools to study its physiological and pathophysiological consequences.
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