Distinct interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells control cell morphology and collective migration during sponge epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Distinct interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells control cell morphology and collective migration during sponge epithelial to mesenchymal transition
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DOI：
10.1002/jmor.21090
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发表时间：
2019-12-19
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Coutinho, Cristiano C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Costa, Manoel L.;Rosa, Ivone de Andrade;Coutinho, Cristiano C.
上皮细胞和间充质细胞类型是动物多细胞的基础，它们通过细胞间的相互作用而具有互补的功能。海绵是研究动物上皮和间充质组织形态发生程序进化基础的特别重要的模式生物。海绵的进化研究有助于理解控制人类组织维持和肿瘤进展的机制。在本研究中，从嗜日膜虫分离出海绵间充质细胞和上皮细胞，并在视频显微镜下观察到聚集体的形成。强烈应激后，上皮-间充质相互作用、上皮转化和细胞迁移导致海绵细胞聚集。根据它们不同的形态、黏附特性和运动性，我们建议不同类型的海绵细胞在细胞聚集中的作用以及互补功能。显微镜下的显微操作和细胞跟踪也被用来促进特定的嫁接-宿主相互作用，以进一步测试细胞类型相互作用的效果。在上皮细胞向间充质细胞转变的过程中，细胞极性的丧失和扁平的形状导致了圆形/阿米巴样细胞的小而不动的聚集。通过使用荧光染料的细胞跟踪观察到这些转移的上皮细胞聚集体的运动性，但只有在与迁移性间充质细胞流相互作用之后。细胞的运动与形态变化无关，表明向迁移性间充质状态的转变是一个渐进的步骤。我们的数据提示了一个两步信号传递过程：(A)间充质细胞和上皮细胞之间缺乏相互作用触发了形态变化；(B)迁移性间充质细胞指示上皮细胞进行定向细胞运动。这些结果可能会对理解转移性癌细胞的进化方面产生影响。在现代海绵中观察到的形态发生运动可能与人类转移细胞的集体细胞迁移具有共同的进化起源。海绵再生模型被用来表征上皮细胞和间充质细胞，并促进移植/宿主与后续细胞跟踪的相互作用。在海绵中可以观察到从上皮细胞类型到间充质细胞类型的转变分两个步骤：(A)退出上皮/间充质细胞相互作用以触发形态变化；(B)迁移间充质细胞诱导上皮细胞进入集体迁移状态。
Epithelial and mesenchymal cell types are basic for animal multicellularity and they have complementary functions coordinated by cellular interactions. Sponges are especially important model organisms to address the evolutionary basis of morphogenetic programs for epithelial and mesenchymal organization in animals. Evolutionary studies in sponges can contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms that control tissue maintenance and tumor progression in humans. In the present study, sponge mesenchymal and epithelial cells were isolated from the demosponge Hymeniacidon heliophila, and aggregate formation was observed by video microscopy. Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, epithelial transition, and cell migration led to sponge cell aggregation after drastic stress. Based on their different morphologies, adhesion specificities, and motilities, we suggest a role for different sponge cell types as well as complementary functions in cell aggregation. Micromanipulation under the microscope and cell tracking were also used to promote specific grafting-host interaction, to further test the effects of cell type interaction. The loss of cell polarity and flattened shape during the epithelial to mesenchymal cell transition generated small immobile aggregates of round/amoeboid cells. The motility of these transited epithelial-cell aggregates was observed by cell tracking using fluorescent dye, but only after interaction with streams of migratory mesenchymal cells. Cell motility occurred independently of morphological changes, indicating a progressive step in the transition toward a migratory mesenchymal state. Our data suggest a two-step signaling process: (a) the lack of interaction between mesenchymal and epithelial cells triggers morphological changes; and (b) migratory mesenchymal cells instruct epithelial cells for directional cell motility. These results could have an impact on the understanding of evolutionary aspects of metastatic cancer cells. HighlightsMorphogenetic movements observed in modern sponges could have a common evolutionary origin with collective cell migration of human metastatic cells. A sponge regenerative model was used here to characterize epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and for the promotion of grafting/host interactions with subsequent cell tracking. The transition from epithelial to mesenchymal cell type can be observed in sponges in two steps: (a) withdrawal of epithelial/mesenchymal cell interactions to trigger morphological changes; (b) migratory mesenchymal cells to induce epithelial cells to a collective migratory state.