The breakdown of class politics
The breakdown of class politics
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阶级政治的崩溃
DOI：
10.1007/s12108-003-1003-0
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Clark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Clark
本文回顾了20世纪90年代关于阶级对政治的影响是否、为什么以及在多大程度上正在下降的争论。一个立场是伯克利和牛津大学许多人的“零假设”：阶级的影响没有改变。另一种观点是，“后工业社会”正在改变政治，重新定义阶级。为了突出重点，本文不试图抽象地列出主题，而是强调实际支持者在交流中提出的核心观点。在过去的十年中，许多问题得到了解决，其他问题则没有得到解决。社会不平等仍然存在，收入不平等已经加剧;但政治的动力不太明显是就业。消费和其他后工业化问题已经进入并改变了世界上许多国家的政治。政党如何改变他们对“阶级”的诉求是一个关键问题，自1945年以来，大多数西方国家传统工人阶级的规模下降了一半左右。从这一交流中可以得出一些经验教训，供今后对这些动态进行概念化和衡量。
This paper reviews debate in the 1990s over whether, why, and how much class is declining in its impact on politics. One position is the “null hypothesis” of many at Berkeley and Oxford: the impact of class has not changed. The other position is that “post-industrial society” is transforming politics and redefining class. To focus, the paper does not seek to inventory themes in abstract, but stresses core points made by actual proponents in the exchange. Over the decade many issues were resolved; others were not. Social inequality persists, and inequality of income has risen; but the motor of politics is less clearly jobs. Consumption and other post-industrial concerns have entered and transformed politics in many countries worldwide. How political parties have changed their appeals away from “class” is a key issue, as is the drop by about half in the size of the traditional working class in most Western countries since 1945. From this exchange lessons emerge for conceptualizing and measuring these dynamics in the future.