Gene content evolution in the arthropods
Gene content evolution in the arthropods
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DOI：
10.1186/s13059-019-1925-7
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发表时间：
2020-01-23
期刊：
影响因子：
12.3
通讯作者：
Richards, Stephen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thomas, Gregg W. C.;Dohmen, Elias;Richards, Stephen
节肢动物是地球上最大、最多样化的动物门，在几乎所有的生态系统中都扮演着重要的角色。它们的多样性部分源于保守的身体计划的变化，这是基因组适应性变化的结果。解剖序列变化的基因组记录，使广泛的问题，基因组进化得到解决，甚至在超多样性类群内节肢动物。结果使用76个全基因组序列，代表21个订单跨越超过5亿年的节肢动物进化，我们记录的基因和蛋白质结构域的内容变化，并提供时间和系统发育的背景下解释这些创新。我们确定了许多新的基因家族，出现在早期的节肢动物的进化过程中，在昆虫的多样化到现代的订单。我们揭示了出乎意料的变化模式的DNA甲基化在节肢动物和基因家族和蛋白质结构域进化的例子与显着的表型和生理适应，如飞行，变态，社会性，和chemoperception的外观一致。结论这些分析表明，大规模比较基因组学可以提供广泛的新见解的基因型表型图和动物多样性的进化产生可检验的假说。
Background Arthropods comprise the largest and most diverse phylum on Earth and play vital roles in nearly every ecosystem. Their diversity stems in part from variations on a conserved body plan, resulting from and recorded in adaptive changes in the genome. Dissection of the genomic record of sequence change enables broad questions regarding genome evolution to be addressed, even across hyper-diverse taxa within arthropods. Results Using 76 whole genome sequences representing 21 orders spanning more than 500 million years of arthropod evolution, we document changes in gene and protein domain content and provide temporal and phylogenetic context for interpreting these innovations. We identify many novel gene families that arose early in the evolution of arthropods and during the diversification of insects into modern orders. We reveal unexpected variation in patterns of DNA methylation across arthropods and examples of gene family and protein domain evolution coincident with the appearance of notable phenotypic and physiological adaptations such as flight, metamorphosis, sociality, and chemoperception. Conclusions These analyses demonstrate how large-scale comparative genomics can provide broad new insights into the genotype to phenotype map and generate testable hypotheses about the evolution of animal diversity.