About the House: Houses in Langkawi: stable structures or mobile homes?
About the House: Houses in Langkawi: stable structures or mobile homes?
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关于房屋：兰卡威的房屋：稳定结构还是移动房屋？
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511607653.005
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
J. Carsten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Carsten
本章探讨了列维-斯特劳斯（Levi-Strauss，1983a；1983b；1987）的“societes a maison”（以房屋为基础的社会）概念对马来西亚兰卡威岛上的一个马来渔村的适用性。虽然它的灵感来自列维-斯特劳斯提出的思想，但它也是对这些思想的初步讨论（Carsten 1987a）不满的产物，也是受到有关该主题的其他著作的刺激的产物。列维-斯特劳斯的论点主要涉及 Kwakiutl numayma（欧洲的中世纪贵族家族）、十一世纪的日本以及某些印度尼西亚社会。列维-斯特劳斯强调了这些社会的许多特征。首先，连续性是通过血统发生的，即姓名和财产的继承向下（1983a：174；177-9）。其次，他提请人们注意这些社会基本单位的等级秩序。当房屋本身和这些单位的成员都根据出生顺序和与共同祖先的接近程度排序时，正如他在所有例子中显然认为的情况一样，婚姻意味着不平等的地位，并在排名系统中发挥着核心作用（1983a：181）。第三，列维-斯特劳斯强调“亲子关系与居住的辩证法”（1983a：180）如何成为以房屋为基础的社会的共同特征。换句话说，具有双边血统的群体和居住单位的双重成员身份会产生相互冲突的义务。父系/母系血统、一夫多妻制/次婚制、近亲/远亲婚姻。
T his chapter examines the applicability of Levi-Strauss's (1983a; 1983b; 1987) concept of ‘societes a maison’, house-based societies, to a Malay fishing village on the island of Langkawi, Malaysia. While it takes its inspiration from the ideas advanced by Levi-Strauss, it is also the product of dissatisfaction with a preliminary discussion of these ideas (Carsten 1987a), and of the stimulation of other writings on this theme. Levi-Strauss's argument relates principally to the Kwakiutl numayma , the medieval noble house in Europe, eleventh-century Japan and to certain Indonesian societies. A number of features of these societies are stressed by Levi-Strauss. Firstly, continuity occurs through descent, that is, downwards in the inheritance of names and property (1983a: 174; 177–9). Second, he draws attention to the hierarchical ordering of the basic units of these societies. When both the houses themselves and members of these units are ordered according to birth order and proximity to a common ancestor, as he apparently considers to be the case in all his examples, marriage implies unequal status, and plays a central role in the ranking system (1983a: 181). Third, Levi-Strauss emphasizes how the ‘dialectic of filiation and residence’ (1983a: 180) is a common feature of house-based societies. In other words, dual membership in a group with bilateral descent and in the residential unit creates conflicting obligations. patri-/matrilineal descent, hypergamy/hypogamy, close/distant marriage.