The unrealized potential of herbaria for global change biology
The unrealized potential of herbaria for global change biology
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DOI：
10.1101/218776
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发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Emily K. Meineke;Charles C. Davis;T. J. Davies
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Emily K. Meineke;Charles C. Davis;T. J. Davies
植物标本馆中的植物和真菌标本正在成为研究植物物候和地理分布如何随气候变化而变化的主要资源，大大扩展了空间，时间和系统发育维度的推断。然而，这些标本包含了丰富的额外的数据，包括营养物质，防御化合物，草食动物的损害，疾病病变和生理过程的签名，捕捉生态和进化的人类世的反应，但不经常使用。在这里，我们概述了植物标本馆数据的多样性，它们已被应用于全球变化主题，以及它们可以告知的新假设。我们发现，植物标本馆数据已被广泛用于研究气候变化和入侵物种的影响，但这些数据不太常用于解决生物多样性丧失的其他驱动因素，包括栖息地转换，污染和过度开发。此外，我们注意到，真菌标本相对于维管植物的探索不足。为了促进植物和真菌标本在全球变化研究中的更广泛应用，我们概述了这些数据和现代采样和统计工具的局限性，可以应用于克服他们提出的挑战。使用昆虫植食性的案例研究，我们说明了如何新的植物标本数据可能被用来测试的假设，很少的数据存在，尽管潜在的大的偏见。以定位植物标本馆为全球变化研究中心的目标，我们建议未来的研究方向和策展的优先事项。
Plant and fungal specimens in herbaria are becoming primary resources for investigating how plant phenology and geographic distributions shift with climate change, greatly expanding inferences across spatial, temporal, and phylogenetic dimensions. However, these specimens contain a wealth of additional data—including nutrients, defensive compounds, herbivore damage, disease lesions, and signatures of physiological processes—that capture ecological and evolutionary responses to the Anthropocene but which are less frequently utilized. Here, we outline the diversity of herbarium data, global change topics to which they have been applied, and new hypotheses they could inform. We find that herbarium data have been used extensively to study impacts of climate change and invasive species, but that such data are less commonly used to address other drivers of biodiversity loss, including habitat conversion, pollution, and overexploitation. In addition, we note that fungal specimens are under-explored relative to vascular plants. To facilitate broader application of plant and fungal specimens in global change research, we outline the limitations of these data and modern sampling and statistical tools that may be applied to surmount challenges they present. Using a case study of insect herbivory, we illustrate how novel herbarium data may be employed to test hypotheses for which few data exist, despite potentially large biases. With the goal of positioning herbaria as hubs for global change research, we suggest future research directions and curation priorities.