Affects and psychic conflict.
Affects and psychic conflict.
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影响和心理冲突。
DOI：
10.1080/21674086.1975.11926698
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发表时间：
1975
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Brenner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Brenner
焦虑并不是唯一典型地引发防御和心理冲突的情绪；抑郁的影响也是如此。这两种影响被定义、比较，并与快乐原则相关。讨论了抑郁影响的促发因素，并将其与焦虑影响的促发因素进行了比较。对抑郁情绪的防御和其他反应也进行了讨论。强调了冲突和症状形成的精神分析理论的这种扩展的临床重要性，特别是关于超我功能和与攻击相关的冲突。自从《抑制、症状和焦虑》（弗洛伊德，1926年）出版以来，焦虑一直是与心理冲突最密切相关的情绪。目前被接受的两者之间的联系可以总结如下。每当驱力、自我惩罚或自我毁灭倾向的衍生物被认为是危险的，焦虑就会产生。为了消除或减少这种焦虑，人们试图避开或防御危险的衍生品。其结果是典型的衍生和防御之间的妥协，要么没有焦虑，要么比没有防御的情况下发展得更少。因此，冲突的组成部分是：1，一厢情愿的努力，2，预期的危险，3，防御，4，妥协。防御的功能是根据快乐原则来避免焦虑。由于目前的精神分析理论——结构理论——将本我下的驱力衍生、超我下的自我惩罚倾向和自我下的防御纳入其中，人们可以说存在两大类冲突，即自我与本我之间的冲突以及自我与超我之间的冲突。在这两种情况下，焦虑都被认为占据了关键地位。它是触发个体与危险的本我或超我衍生品发生冲突的因素，也是引发反对它们的防御的原因。
Anxiety is not the only affect which characteristically triggers de fenses and psychic confiict; depressive affect does the same. The two affects are defined, compared, and related to the pleasure principle. Precipitants of depressive affect are discussed and compared with precipitants of anxiety. Defenses and other reactions to depressive affect are also discussed. The clinical importance of this expansion of the psychoanalytic theory of confiict and symptom-formation is emphasized, especially with respect to superego functioning and confiicts related to aggression.Since the publication of Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety (Freud, 1926) anxiety has been the affect most closely associated with psychic conflict. The currently accepted connection be tween the two can be summarized as follows. Whenever a de rivative of a drive or of a self-punitive or self-destructive trend is perceived as dangerous, anxiety develops. In order to elimi nate or minimize this anxiety, attempts are made to ward off or defend against the dangerous derivative. The result is charac teristically a compromise between derivative and defense, either with no anxiety or with less than would have developed without the defense. Thus the components of conflict are: 1, wishful striving, 2, anticipated danger, 3, defense, and 4, compromise among these. The function of defense is to avoid anxiety in ac cordance with the pleasure principle. Since current psycho analytic theory-the structural theory-subsumes drive deriva tives under the id, self-punitive trends under the superego, and defenses under the ego, one may say that there are two major classes of conflict, those between ego and id and those be tween ego and superego. In both, anxiety is understood to oc cupy a key position. It is the trigger that sets an individual at odds with dangerous id or superego derivatives and that is re sponsible for the initiation of the defenses that oppose them.