Ma'anshan cave and the origin of bone tool technology in China

Ma'anshan cave and the origin of bone tool technology in China
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马鞍山溶洞与中国骨器技术的起源

DOI:
10.1016/j.jas.2015.11.004
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Gao, Xing
Gao, Xing
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Backwell, Lucinda R.;Zhang, Yue;Chen, Fuyou;Gao, Xing

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本文介绍了从贵州中国南部马鞍山石窟旧石器遗址第6、5、3层中发现的17件骨器的技术功能分析结果。第六层,可以追溯到公元35年,被称为KYR和BP,已经产生了三个锋利的锥子。从地层5,可以追溯到公元34年,KYR和BP,发现了六个可能的矛尖,锥子和一个切割工具。与这些层隔着一层无菌的地平线,第3层,日期为23至18千克,产生了两种类型的倒刺点。骨器是通过刮削、研磨成型的,在第五层和第三层,通过抛光完成。马鞍山洞穴记录了中国最古老的正规骨器,也是非洲以外无可争议的带刺尖头制造的最古老的证据之一。第5层和第3层之间狩猎工具包的变化可能表明猎物偏好从中型哺乳动物和鱼类转向小型哺乳动物和鱼类,这需要通过补充分析加以证实。这一证据的意义是在已知的非洲和欧亚大陆骨工具技术起源的背景下讨论的。
Here we present the results of a techno-functional analysis of 17 bone tools recovered from strata 6, 5 and 3 of the Palaeolithic site of Ma'anshan Cave, Guizhou Province, southern China. Stratum 6, dated to c. 35 cal kyr BP, has yielded three sharp awls. From Stratum 5, dated to c. 34 cal kyr BP, come six probable spear points, awls and a cutting tool. Separated from these layers by a sterile horizon, Stratum 3, dated 23 cal kyr BP to 18 cal kyr BP, has yielded barbed points of two types. Bone tools were shaped by scraping, grinding, and in strata 5 and 3, finished by polishing. Ma'anshan Cave records the oldest formal bone tools from China, and amongst the oldest known evidence of indisputable barbed point manufacture outside Africa. Change in the hunting toolkit between strata 5 and 3 may indicate a shift in prey preference from medium to small size mammals and fish, which needs to be verified by supplementary analyses. The significance of this evidence is discussed in the context of what is known about the origin of bone tool technology in Africa and Eurasia.
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