Anatomic Alterations in Aging and Age-Related Diseases of the Eye
Anatomic Alterations in Aging and Age-Related Diseases of the Eye
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DOI：
10.1167/iovs.13-12711
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发表时间：
2013-12-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Berglin, Lennart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grossniklaus, Hans E.;Nickerson, John M.;Berglin, Lennart
目的。我们描述了人眼中与年龄相关的解剖学变化，以确定潜在的研究领域，从而识别出患有年龄相关疾病风险的眼睛。方法。在当前研究领域的背景下，对与衰老相关的眼睛解剖学变化进行了描述性回顾。该审查专门针对不同的眼部解剖结构进行，包括角膜、小梁网、晶状体、葡萄膜、布鲁赫膜、视网膜、RPE、玻璃体、巩膜和视神经。 结果。所有眼组织都会发生与年龄相关的变化。角膜变平并且内皮细胞磨损。小梁网的形状发生变化并且小梁内皮细胞减少。晶状体长大并变成白内障。睫状体胶原化，脉络膜血管变化，布鲁赫膜增厚。视网膜血管变得透明样变，并且黄斑中的视杆细胞先于视锥细胞丧失。 RPE 形态随着衰老而发生变化。玻璃体液化并且玻璃体分隔丧失。巩膜变硬并可能钙化。视神经随着年龄的增长而表现出结构变化。结论。人眼存在许多与年龄相关的解剖学变化。目前与这些变化相关的研究领域包括在衰老背景下对 RPE 镶嵌进行自适应光学扫描激光检眼镜成像，以及克服与年龄相关的视网膜和黄斑灌注变化的药物输送装置。
PURPOSE. We described anatomic age-related changes in the human eye to determine potential areas of investigation that may lead to identifying eyes at risk for age-related disease.METHODS. A descriptive review of anatomic changes in the eye related to aging was performed in the context of current areas of investigation. The review was performed specifically for differing anatomic ocular structures, including cornea, trabecular meshwork, lens, uveal tract, Bruch's membrane, retina, RPE, vitreous, sclera, and optic nerve.RESULTS. Age-related changes occur in all ocular tissues. The cornea flattens and there is an attrition of endothelial cells. The shape of the trabecular meshwork changes and there is a loss of trabecular endothelium. The lens grows and becomes cataractous. The ciliary body becomes collagenized, there are choroidal vascular changes, and Bruch's membrane thickens. Retinal vessels become hyalinized and there is a loss of rods before cones in the macula. RPE morphometric changes occur with aging. The vitreous becomes liquefied and there is a loss of vitreous compartmentalization. The sclera becomes rigid and may become calcified. The optic nerve exhibits structural changes with age.CONCLUSIONS. There are numerous anatomic age-related changes in the human eye. Current areas of investigation related to these changes include adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging of the RPE mosaic in the context of aging, and drug delivery devices that overcome age-related alterations to retinal and macular perfusion.