The relevance of situation awareness in older adults' cognitive functioning: a review
The relevance of situation awareness in older adults' cognitive functioning: a review
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DOI：
10.1007/s11556-007-0018-x
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Abrams, Lise
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caserta, Ryan J.;Abrams, Lise
与年龄相关的认知能力下降可能会对老年人完成年轻人和中年人自动执行的日常活动的能力产生不利影响。认知衰老理论在老年人的流体智力、抑制能力、处理资源数量和处理速度方面存在全面缺陷，近年来，研究提出了改善这些下降的认知策略。然而，很少有策略直接训练提高动态环境和体育活动表现所必需的认知策略。其中一项策略可能是增强态势感知，即感知和理解环境的能力。尽管该术语通常适用于飞行员和其他专家执行者，但态势感知也可能与认知老化有关，即老年人对其环境的感知和理解对于日常功能和身体活动至关重要。如果可以促进老年人的情境意识，那么就有可能减少与年龄相关的认知能力下降的影响，使老年人能够成功地参与环境不断变化的动态情境和运动（例如驾驶和网球）。以下综述概述了衰老过程中的认知缺陷，详细说明了它们与情境意识的关系，并讨论了情境意识培训如何减少认知能力下降。
Age-related declines in cognition may have detrimental effects on older adults' ability to complete everyday activities that young- and middle-aged individuals perform automatically. Theories of cognitive aging have round deficits in older adults' fluid intelligence, capacity for inhibition, number of processing resources, and speed of processing, and in recent years, Studies have proposed cognitive strategies to ameliorate these declines. However, few strategies directly train the cognitive strategies necessary to improve performance in dynamic environments and physical activities. One such strategy may be the enhancement of situation awareness, the capability to perceive and understand one's environment. Although the term has typically been applied to pilots and other expert performers, situation awareness may also be relevant to cognitive aging, where older adults' perception and comprehension of their environment become critical to everyday functioning and physical activities. If older adults' situation awareness can be facilitated, then it may be possible to reduce the impact of age-related cognitive declines, allowing older adults to Successfully participate in dynamic situations and sports where the environment is constantly changing (e.g., driving and tennis). The following review outlines cognitive deficits in aging, details their relation to situation awareness, and discusses how training in situation awareness may reduce cognitive declines.